{"id":228,"date":"2017-09-02T00:14:15","date_gmt":"2017-09-02T00:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/webliteracy\/chapter\/image-descriptions\/"},"modified":"2020-03-17T19:53:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-17T19:53:27","slug":"image-descriptions","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/webliteracy\/chapter\/image-descriptions\/","title":{"raw":"Image Descriptions","rendered":"Image Descriptions"},"content":{"raw":"Navigation tip: If you arrive here in a new window, click control-w or command-w to close this tab and return to the text.\n<\/a>\n\nWhile we try to list all figures in order, edits to the book may result in figure descriptions going out of order. For best results, always access the description from the caption link.\n\nFigure headings are linked to themselves. Clicking on a link will merely scroll it to the top of the page.\n

FIGURE 1<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet from Twitter<\/em> user @RonHogan that reads \u201cThe Nazis murdered Senator Schumer\u2019s grandmother and most of her children. Trump\u2019s father was arrested at a Ku Klux Klan rally.\u201d It is in response to a Donald Trump tweet.\n\nIt has been retweeted over 55,000 times.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 2<\/a><\/h2>\nA story with the headline \u201cMORE HYPOCRISY: Obama banned all Iraqi Refugees for 6 Months in 2011\u2013 Liberals said nothing!\u201d over a picture of protests against President Trump\u2019s ban.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 3<\/a><\/h2>\nA set of DuckDuckGo<\/em> search results. The top results are from fact-checking sites Snopes<\/em> and Politifact.<\/em>\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 4<\/a><\/h2>\nA segment of a President Trump speech that reads \u201cWe must protect those who protect us. The number of officers shot and killed in the line of duty last year increased by 56 percent from the year before.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 5<\/a><\/h2>\nDuckDuckGo<\/em> search results. The top search result is an article from the\u00a0Washington Post<\/em>\u00a0fact-checker and highlighted text matches our query.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 6<\/a><\/h2>\nA story with the headline \u201cReport: US Government Ethics director approved controversial tweets\u201d over a picture of President Trump.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 7<\/a><\/h2>\nText from the article with sentences mentioning the\u00a0Daily Dot<\/em> highlighted. If you read carefully, the Daily Dot<\/em> (another publication) is the source of each fact (e.g. \u201cthe Daily Dot<\/em> reported that Shaub sent an email\u201d etc.).\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 8<\/a><\/h2>\nA screenshot of a page from the publication\u00a0Network World<\/em>. There are ten stories at the bottom of the page, but in small print under each one is an indication that they were paid for by an advertiser. The one in the upper left corner reads \"Lawmakers Concerned About Insane Military Scope Released to Public\" and is sponsored by \"ZeroTac Tactical Scopes.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 9<\/a><\/h2>\nAn enlargement of the ZeroTac technical scope \"article\" link, showing the space below it where it indicates the sponsor.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 10<\/a><\/h2>\nAn article from InfoWorld<\/em> on the topic of \"Integrated Systems\" by a man named Paul Miller. But above the article is small text that reads \"Sponsored,\" and near the top of the page is tiny text that indicates the sponsor is Hewlett Packard, a company that sells integrated systems.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 11<\/a><\/h2>\nA screenshot of a New York Times<\/em> webpage with many items on it. In the middle column of items, small text reading \"News from AP and Reuters\" tops the column.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 12<\/a><\/h2>\nNew York Times<\/em> article with headline \"UK Stock Market Hits Record as Manufacturers Win Business.\" Where a reporter's name might usually appear under the headline reads in small print, \"by the Associated Press.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n

FIGURE 13<\/a><\/h2>\nAn article titled \"Do You Support Patriotic Bikers Defending Trump's Inauguration?\" The article says that a source named Right Alerts Polls<\/em> broke the story, but does not provide a link.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 14<\/a><\/h2>\nScreenshot of the result of selecting and right-clicking. The term \"Rights Alerts Polls\" is highlighted and a context menu shows. The context menu offers an option to \"Search Google for 'Rights Alerts Polls'\". Note that you could do this without using the context menu; just copy and paste the phrase into to a Google <\/em>search box.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 15<\/a><\/h2>\nA Google <\/em>search for \"Right Alerts Polls bikers\" reveals the article the other page cited as a source. It is the top result.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 16<\/a><\/h2>\nThe extended quote from the page reads, \"These libtards need to shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event, but it is a Trump Supporters event. We are many and varied but we unite as one.\" It is said to be a quote on a Facebook <\/em>page organizing the event.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 17<\/a><\/h2>\nScreenshot of selecting \"shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event.\" The context menu offers an option to \"Search Google for 'shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event'\". Note that you could do this without using the context menu; just copy and paste the phrase into to a Google <\/em>search box.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 18<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google <\/em>search results for\u00a0\"shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event.\" The second result (which the screenshot calls attention to) has a web address on Facebook<\/em> and is in the subdirectory of \"events.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 19<\/a><\/h2>\nFacebook <\/em>page showing only 1,800 have indicated that they are going to the biker event. In addition, only 8,000 are interested, and the page has only been shared with 10,000 people total.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 20<\/a><\/h2>\nA photo shared through ABC News<\/em> showing a parked car boxed in by shopping carts with the headline, \u201cShopper Upset over Double-Parked Car.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 21<\/a><\/h2>\nThe top two\u00a0Google <\/em>search results for \u201cshopper upset over double-parked car abc action news.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 22<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google<\/em> search results for \u201cshopping carts double-parked portland or.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 23<\/a><\/h2>\nA WGME<\/em> article explaining the story behind a picture of a double-parked car surrounded by shopping carts.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 24<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em>\u00a0search results for \u201cMatthew Mills\u201d with one result featuring the caption, \u201cthis guy got a lesson in parking.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 25<\/a><\/h2>\nFacebook<\/em> search result for \u201c\u2018got a lesson in parking\u2019 Matthew Mills\u201d showing a public post by Matthew Mills.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 26<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle Image <\/em>search\u00a0results for \u201cparking revenge carts.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 27<\/a><\/h2>\nA Reddit <\/em>post titled \u201cGreat Parking Job\u201d showing a picture of a double-parked car surrounded by shopping carts.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 28<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet by user @NinjaEconomics that reads \u201cOn January 3, the #GDPNow model forecast for real GDP growth in Q4 2016 is 2.9%\u201d and shows a chart about the GDP forecast.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 29<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet by @unsmokable that reads \u201cthe life of a national geographic photographer\u201d and shows a photo of a man standing on volcanic terrain and looking through a camera situated on a tripod. The photographer\u2019s shoes and tripod have flames around them.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 30<\/a><\/h2>\nA closer crop of the tweet by user @unsmokable showing the results when a viewer right-clicks\/control-clicks on the image.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 31<\/a><\/h2>\nResults from a Google <\/em>reverse image\u00a0search on the photo from Twitter<\/em> user @unsmokable\u2019s tweet.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 32<\/a><\/h2>\nA Reddit <\/em>post titled, \u201cIn the heat of the moment\u201d with comments debating over the photo of the photographer with flaming shoes and a tripod.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 33<\/a><\/h2>\nAn article by Katie Hosmer titled \u201cHot Lava Sets Adventurous Photographer\u2019s Feet on Fire.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 34<\/a><\/h2>\nA close up of the article by Katie Hosmer showing the text \u201cvia [PetaPixel].\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n\n \n

FIGURE 35<\/a><\/h2>\nText from the PetaPixel<\/em> site quoting the photographer of the lava photo, reading, \u201cThe photo is real, but the flames are not the result of spontaneous combustion\u201d going on to explain that the photographer used an accelerant to start the flames.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 36<\/a><\/h2>\nClose up of the PetaPixel<\/em> site showing the results when a reader right-clicks\/control-clicks on the Hawaii News Now<\/em> link.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 37<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google <\/em>results from searching \u201cHawaii News Now.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 38<\/a><\/h2>\nA photo Twitter<\/em> users attributed to National Geographic<\/em>, which depicts what appears to be a photographer being attacked by a bird.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 39<\/a><\/h2>\nA Google <\/em>reverse image search result that suggests the best search term to find our original source is \u201cbirds attacking people.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 40<\/a><\/h2>\nA list of pages including images that match the reverse searched image. The first webpage is titled, \u201cDangerous Birds - Top 10 Birds That Could Kick Your Ass.\u201d All of the pages appear to discuss bird attacks.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 41<\/a><\/h2>\nAn expanded settings list for Google<\/em> reverse image search that can be accessed by clicking \u201cTools\u201d and \u201cCustom range\u2026\u201d These settings can be altered to filter out newer photos by modifying the dates that will be included in the results list.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 42<\/a><\/h2>\nA new reverse image search, with a custom date of Dec 31, 2009 to exclude newer photos, such as those which may have been virally propagated under false pretenses. Now, our suggested search term is \u201cbird.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 43<\/a><\/h2>\nThe result page of our reverse image search, in which the title of the third website, PentaxForums<\/em>, reads, \u201cGot too close the the hawk :(,\u201c and the description reads: \u201cAnd as the poster said, these are trained\u2026so its more like the camera man pissed off the hunter rather than the bird itself. Rest of the photos. Kazakhstan Eagle\u2026\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 44<\/a><\/h2>\nAn article from the Press<\/em> titled, \u201cKazakhstan Eagle Hunt,\u201d which features our image.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 45<\/a><\/h2>\nA list of Google <\/em>search results of the search term, \u201cstockton ca local affiliate.\u201d We will select the fourth listing, CBS<\/em> Sacramento<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 46<\/a><\/h2>\nCBS Sacramento<\/em> search with \u201cteenage girls black lives matter\u201d in the search bar.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 47<\/a><\/h2>\nA photograph depicting a group of photographers running from a bear.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 48<\/a><\/h2>\nA photograph in which a man in a body of water is hiding with a camera in a swan hunting tent.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 49<\/a><\/h2>\nA photograph showing a section of a city empty and in shambles with what appears to be debris cluttering the buildings and streets.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 50<\/a><\/h2>\nA photograph depicting a large stone ram on top of a semi-truck with the \u201cOVER-SIZE\u201d label on its front bumper. The ram appears to be more than three times the height of the semi-truck.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 51<\/a><\/h2>\nA screenshot of the Baltimore Gazette<\/em>, a site created to spread misinformation. The headline reads, \u201cClinton Received Debate Questions Week Before Debate, According to Sources.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 52<\/a><\/h2>\nA Google <\/em>search tip demonstrating how to exclude a specific site from search results. The string used in the example is \"baltimoregazette.com -site:baltimoregazette.com\". This would search all sites except for \"baltimoregazette.com.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 53<\/a><\/h2>\nThe homepage of the Pacific Justice Institute<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 54<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search results for \u201cwww.pacificjustice.org -site:www.pacificjustice.org.\u201d The search omits the site www.pacificjustice.org and brings up a Wikipedia<\/em> article as the first result.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 55<\/a><\/h2>\nWHOIS search result on the ICANN interface for \u201cmotherjones.com.\u201d\u00a0 It displays the website's owner, Foundation for National Progress, and its contact information.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 56<\/a><\/h2>\nWHOIS search result on the ICANN interface for \u201cbaltimoregazette.com\u201d. The website\u2019s owner is listed as Domains by Proxy.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 57<\/a><\/h2>\nA close up of baltimoregazette.com\u2019s date of creation from WHOIS on the ICANN interface, which is listed as July of 2015.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 58<\/a><\/h2>\nAn article published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS Medicine.<\/em>\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 59<\/a><\/h2>\nA Google <\/em>search for \u201cplos medicine impact factor,\u201d which indicates in the knowledge panel its impact factor is 13.585 as of 2015.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 60<\/a><\/h2>\nAn article published in the Journal of Obesity and Weight-loss Medication<\/em> whose impact factor we want to investigate.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 61<\/a><\/h2>\nA Google <\/em>search for \u201cJournal of Obesity and Weight-loss Medication impact factor\u201d whose impact factor does not appear in a knowledge panel.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 62<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google<\/em> Scholar<\/em> search results for \u201cDavid Bann,\u201d which features his many publications in lifespan obesity patterns. Most of the publications we find are from the last ten years.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 63<\/a><\/h2>\nThe AnonHQ<\/em> article titled, \u201cIt\u2019s Official: European Scientific Journal Concludes 9\/11 was a Controlled Demolition.\u201d The article has over 14,000 views and was published on September 11, 2016.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 64<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google Scholar<\/em> search results for \u201cRobert Korol,\u201d who appears to have published architectural research in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 65<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google Scholar<\/em> search results for \u201cJennie Connor 2016,\u201d which shows her well-cited publications. Her 2017 article received 12 citations, and two articles were cited by 23 and 36 others.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 66<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google<\/em> search results for \u201caddiction impact factor,\u201d which we find in the knowledge panel to be 4.145 as of 2010.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 67<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google <\/em>search result for \u201cnih alcohol and cancer.\u201d The fifth result from the NIH is described as \u201cA fact sheet that summarizes the evidence linking alcohol consumption to the risk of various cancers\u2026\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 68<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Google <\/em>search result for \u201cwww.cancer.gov -site:www.cancer.gov.\u201d This search includes all sites other than www.cancer.gov. We see that five results down, the National Health Institute, an organization we trust, is talking about the National Cancer Institute.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 69<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet by Twitter<\/em> user @MichaelESmith that reads, \u201cBullshit! Aztec society collapsed in 1519 fr. Cortes & smallpox. Salmonella in 1540 was far too late. And the painting is European fantasy.\u201d Smith is responding to a tweet claiming that salmonella poisoning may have contributed to the fall of the Aztec civilization.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 70<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet by @pixelatedboat featuring a photo of two men that reads, \u201cThis is Woodward and Bernstein. Nixon called them the enemy. They proved that no president is above the law. #NotTheEnemy.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 71<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet by user @RepJackKimble that reads, \"Why have the wars cost so much under Obama? Check the budgets, Bush fought 2 wars without costing taxpayers a dime.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 72<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Twitter<\/em> bio of user @RepJackKimble reading, \"Congressman from CA's 54th District. JackKimble.com Author of Profiles in Courageousness amzn.to\/1ER7SeU E pluribus unum (1 Nation under God).\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 73<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Twitter<\/em> bio of user @jasoninthehouse reading, \"United States Congressman (UT-3). Chairman, Oversight & Government Reform. Tweets come from me, not my staff.\" The user's name has a small blue seal next to his name, indicating that his identity is verified by Twitter<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 74<\/a><\/h2>\nThe header of Twitter user @PerseusJackson, strategically using the background image to give the impression that it is a verified account by\u00a0Twitter<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 75<\/a><\/h2>\nA video showing how to hover over a Twitter<\/em> user's verification seal to check if it is legitimate.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 76<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Twitter<\/em> bio of user @MinervaSchools reading, \"Minerva offers a unique undergraduate education for the brightest, most motivated students in the world.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 77<\/a><\/h2>\nTwitter<\/em> user @MinervaSchool's tweetstream from February showing two tweets, the number of followers the account has, and the number of tweets the account has made.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 78<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet by user @mcpli\u00a0mocking the screenshot of a supposed tweet by user @DanPatrick which reads, \"MARRIAGE= ONE MAN & ONE MAN. Enough of these activist judges. FAVORITE if you agree. I know the silent majority out there is with us!\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 79<\/a><\/h2>\nA fake tweet generated by the author of this text that shows user @BarackObama tweeting, \"Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers is AMAZING! You should read it. (Thanks Mike!)\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 80<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Politiwhoops<\/em> archive of deleted tweets by user @realDonaldTrump showing two tweets made and deleted by the account in February of 2017.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 81<\/a><\/h2>\nA video showing how to view the cached version of @realDonaldTrump's Twitter<\/em> page by searching the account through Google<\/em>, hovering over the drop down arrow next to the first result's URL, and selecting \"Cached.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 82<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle's cache information of @realDonaldTrump's Twitter page, reading \"This is Google's cache of https:\/\/twitter.com\/realdonaldtrump. It is a snapshot of the page as it appeared on Feb 15, 2017 14:46:56 GMT.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 83<\/a><\/h2>\nThe search bar of the Wayback Machine with the search term \"whitehouse.gov\" typed in.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 84<\/a><\/h2>\nThe Wayback Machine's search results for \"whitehouse.gov\" displaying a calendar of the months of January, February, March, and April of 1999 with blue and green dots encasing some of the calendar's dates.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 85<\/a><\/h2>\nThe page of whitehouse.gov from January 1999 showing links to White House documents, the contents of the website, Radio Addresses of the President, Executive Orders, Photographs, a database to all government sites, The Decleration of Independence, The Constitution of the United States, a subscription list, and press releases.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 86<\/a><\/h2>\nAn ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, \"Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: 'I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump's Rally\" and showing a publication date of November 11, 2016.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 87<\/a><\/h2>\nAn ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, \"Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: 'I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump's Rally\" and showing a publication date of March 24, 2016.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 88<\/a><\/h2>\nAn ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, \"Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: 'I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump's Rally\" and showing a publication date of June 16, 2016.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 89<\/a><\/h2>\nAn ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, \"Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: 'I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump's Rally\" and showing a publication date of Septembe 11, 2016.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 90<\/a><\/h2>\nThe first Google<\/em> result for \"site:abcnews.com.co\/donald-trump-protester-speaks-out-i-was-paid-to-protest\/\" showing the abcnews.co article with a publication date of March 26, 2016.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 91<\/a><\/h2>\nA tweet by user @cbquist posting a quote supposedly said by Carl Sagan, which states, \"I have a foreboding of an America in my children's or grandchildren's time--when the United States is a service and information economy; when nearly all the manufacturing industries have slipped away to other countries; when awesome technological powers are in the hands of a very few, and no one representing the public interest can even grasp the issues; when the people have lost the ability to set their own agendas or knowledgeably question those in authority; when, clutching our crystals and nervously consulting our horoscopes, our critical faculties in decline, unable to distinguish between what feels good and what's true, we slide, almost without noticing, back into superstition and darkness.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 92<\/a><\/h2>\nThe top Google Books<\/em> search results for \"clutching our crystals and nervously consulting.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 93<\/a><\/h2>\nAn excerpt of Carl Sagan's\u00a0Demon-Haunted<\/em> World<\/em>, found through Google Books<\/em>,\u00a0where Sagan provides the quote that was attributed to him by Twitter<\/em> user @cbquist.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 94<\/a><\/h2>\nThe publication information of Carl Sagan's\u00a0Demon-Haunted World<\/em> showing a publication date of 1996.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 95<\/a><\/h2>\nInternet Archive<\/em>'s TV News Archive search for \"tremendous sea of love.\" The second result is our video, and I have circled the video, which is from\u00a0ABC<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 96<\/a><\/h2>\nA search for \"pence muslim ban\" in the Trump archive, which shows the text of a video in which Mike Pence, when asked if he agrees with the Muslim ban, responded, \"I do.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 97<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search result for \"how many men landed on the moon\" in which a knowledge panel answers the query via\u00a0Quora<\/em> with \"12 men.\"\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 98<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle\u00a0<\/em>search result for \"last man to land on the moon\" in which a knowledge panel pulls text from a\u00a0Wikipedia<\/em> article and puts the name \"Cernan\" in bold as the answer to the question.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 99<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search result for \"how many apostles were there\" in which a knowledge panel replies \"12 apostles\" via\u00a0Quora.<\/em>\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 100<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle\u00a0<\/em>search result for \"how old was lee harvey oswold at the time of the assassination\" in which a knowledge panel puts in bold 18, 22, and 24, which are numbers from Oswold's date of birth, date of death, and the date of the assassination via a Wikipedia\u00a0<\/em>article. None are an answer to the Googled question.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 101<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search result for \"Presidents in the kkk\" in which a knowledge panel pulls the names of several presidents from\u00a0The Trent Online.<\/em>\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 102<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle\u00a0<\/em>search result for \"is obama planning martial law\" in which a knowledge panel pulls a quote from newstarget.com claiming that Obama is in fact planning martial law.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 103<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search result for \"why did lee harvey oswold assassinate president kennedy\" in which a knowledge panel pulls text from a site claiming that Oswold did not assassinate President Kennedy.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 104<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle\u00a0<\/em>search result for \"msg sensitvity\" in which a knowledge panel pulls a list of symptoms from Healthline<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 105<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle\u00a0<\/em>search result for \"msg dangers\" in which a knowledge panel brings up\u00a0Mercola<\/em>, which claims that msg causes brain damage, such as Alzheimer's disease and learning disabilities.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 106<\/a><\/h2>\nHomepage of\u00a0Buzzsumo<\/em>, which features a search bar on its main page.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 107<\/a><\/h2>\nBuzzsumo\u00a0<\/em>results for \"cancer,\" showing two articles and their\u00a0Facebook<\/em> engagements, which is meant to measure the virality of the articles on Facebook<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 108<\/a><\/h2>\nBuzzsumo\u00a0<\/em>results for \"cancer\" scrolled down a few articles. One article, \"Royal Rife: Cancer Cure Genius Silenced by Medical Mafia\" uses particularly inflammatory language.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 109<\/a><\/h2>\nDomain Dossier<\/em> search bar with \"coca-cola.com\" typed in and a list of databases it searches with boxes next to them you click to include results from.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 110<\/a><\/h2>\nDomain Dossier<\/em> results for the search on \"coca-cola.com\" in which the registrant's name, organization, street, and city are all available for public access.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 111<\/a><\/h2>\nDomain Dossier\u00a0<\/em>search results for \u201cprotrump45.com,\u201d showing that the site\u2019s owner is masked.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 112<\/a><\/h2>\nDomain Dossier<\/em> search results showing the registrant of a site\u2019s name as Domains by Proxy, LLC, a service that masks the real owners of sites.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 113<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search results for \u201cwas 9\/11 a hoax\u201d in which the top five sites confirm the conspiracy that 9\/11 was faked.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 114<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle <\/em>search results for \u201care we eating too much protein\u201d in which Google<\/em> pulls a knowledge panel from Huffington Post<\/em>, and the top site promotes veganism.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 115<\/a><\/h2>\nPromoted tweet from user @SafeMedicine urging us to tweet our senators against our exposure to unsafe medicine. We can tell it\u2019s promoted by the gray text that reads \u201cPromoted\u201d below the \u201creply,\u201d \u201cretweet,\u201d and \u201clike\u201d functions.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 116<\/a><\/h2>\nTwitter<\/em> page for user @SafeMedicine, which features its website name, safemedicine.org<\/em>.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 117<\/a><\/h2>\nThe homepage of safemedicine.org<\/em>, which reveals the name of the organization, The Partnership for Safe Medicines.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 118<\/a><\/h2>\nAn article about The Partnership for Safe Medicines on the\u00a0Northwest Public Radio<\/em> site titled, \u201cNonprofit Working to Block Drug Imports Has Ties to Pharma Lobby.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 119<\/a><\/h2>\nThe headline of a newspaper article from 1973 titled \u201cNixon Sees \u2018Witch-Hunt\u2019 Insiders Say\u201d with the Washington Post<\/em>\u2019s name below the headline.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 120<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search results for \u201cNixon Sees Witch Hunt (site: newspapers.com OR site: google.news.com\/newspapers OR site: newspaperarchive.com)\u201d to only search on these three sites. The first result, from the LA Times<\/em>, mentions our headline in the description and is from 1973.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 121<\/a><\/h2>\nThe newspaper article from the first result of our last Google<\/em> search, which features our headline \u201cNixon Sees \u2018Witch-Hunt\u2019 Insiders Say.\u201d\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>\n

FIGURE 122<\/a><\/h2>\nGoogle<\/em> search results for \u201cAirline Pilot to Fly by Seat of Panties (site:newspapers.com OR site:news.google.com\/newspapers OR site:newspaperarchive.com),\u201d in which the article appears in the first result.\n\nEnd.<\/i>\n<\/a>","rendered":"

Navigation tip: If you arrive here in a new window, click control-w or command-w to close this tab and return to the text.
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

While we try to list all figures in order, edits to the book may result in figure descriptions going out of order. For best results, always access the description from the caption link.<\/p>\n

Figure headings are linked to themselves. Clicking on a link will merely scroll it to the top of the page.<\/p>\n

FIGURE 1<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet from Twitter<\/em> user @RonHogan that reads \u201cThe Nazis murdered Senator Schumer\u2019s grandmother and most of her children. Trump\u2019s father was arrested at a Ku Klux Klan rally.\u201d It is in response to a Donald Trump tweet.<\/p>\n

It has been retweeted over 55,000 times.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 2<\/a><\/h2>\n

A story with the headline \u201cMORE HYPOCRISY: Obama banned all Iraqi Refugees for 6 Months in 2011\u2013 Liberals said nothing!\u201d over a picture of protests against President Trump\u2019s ban.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 3<\/a><\/h2>\n

A set of DuckDuckGo<\/em> search results. The top results are from fact-checking sites Snopes<\/em> and Politifact.<\/em><\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 4<\/a><\/h2>\n

A segment of a President Trump speech that reads \u201cWe must protect those who protect us. The number of officers shot and killed in the line of duty last year increased by 56 percent from the year before.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 5<\/a><\/h2>\n

DuckDuckGo<\/em> search results. The top search result is an article from the\u00a0Washington Post<\/em>\u00a0fact-checker and highlighted text matches our query.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 6<\/a><\/h2>\n

A story with the headline \u201cReport: US Government Ethics director approved controversial tweets\u201d over a picture of President Trump.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 7<\/a><\/h2>\n

Text from the article with sentences mentioning the\u00a0Daily Dot<\/em> highlighted. If you read carefully, the Daily Dot<\/em> (another publication) is the source of each fact (e.g. \u201cthe Daily Dot<\/em> reported that Shaub sent an email\u201d etc.).<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 8<\/a><\/h2>\n

A screenshot of a page from the publication\u00a0Network World<\/em>. There are ten stories at the bottom of the page, but in small print under each one is an indication that they were paid for by an advertiser. The one in the upper left corner reads “Lawmakers Concerned About Insane Military Scope Released to Public” and is sponsored by “ZeroTac Tactical Scopes.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 9<\/a><\/h2>\n

An enlargement of the ZeroTac technical scope “article” link, showing the space below it where it indicates the sponsor.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 10<\/a><\/h2>\n

An article from InfoWorld<\/em> on the topic of “Integrated Systems” by a man named Paul Miller. But above the article is small text that reads “Sponsored,” and near the top of the page is tiny text that indicates the sponsor is Hewlett Packard, a company that sells integrated systems.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 11<\/a><\/h2>\n

A screenshot of a New York Times<\/em> webpage with many items on it. In the middle column of items, small text reading “News from AP and Reuters” tops the column.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 12<\/a><\/h2>\n

New York Times<\/em> article with headline “UK Stock Market Hits Record as Manufacturers Win Business.” Where a reporter’s name might usually appear under the headline reads in small print, “by the Associated Press.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i><\/p>\n

FIGURE 13<\/a><\/h2>\n

An article titled “Do You Support Patriotic Bikers Defending Trump’s Inauguration?” The article says that a source named Right Alerts Polls<\/em> broke the story, but does not provide a link.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 14<\/a><\/h2>\n

Screenshot of the result of selecting and right-clicking. The term “Rights Alerts Polls” is highlighted and a context menu shows. The context menu offers an option to “Search Google for ‘Rights Alerts Polls'”. Note that you could do this without using the context menu; just copy and paste the phrase into to a Google <\/em>search box.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 15<\/a><\/h2>\n

A Google <\/em>search for “Right Alerts Polls bikers” reveals the article the other page cited as a source. It is the top result.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 16<\/a><\/h2>\n

The extended quote from the page reads, “These libtards need to shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event, but it is a Trump Supporters event. We are many and varied but we unite as one.” It is said to be a quote on a Facebook <\/em>page organizing the event.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 17<\/a><\/h2>\n

Screenshot of selecting “shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event.” The context menu offers an option to “Search Google for ‘shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event'”. Note that you could do this without using the context menu; just copy and paste the phrase into to a Google <\/em>search box.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 18<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google <\/em>search results for\u00a0“shut the hell up. This is not only a biker event.” The second result (which the screenshot calls attention to) has a web address on Facebook<\/em> and is in the subdirectory of “events.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 19<\/a><\/h2>\n

Facebook <\/em>page showing only 1,800 have indicated that they are going to the biker event. In addition, only 8,000 are interested, and the page has only been shared with 10,000 people total.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 20<\/a><\/h2>\n

A photo shared through ABC News<\/em> showing a parked car boxed in by shopping carts with the headline, \u201cShopper Upset over Double-Parked Car.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 21<\/a><\/h2>\n

The top two\u00a0Google <\/em>search results for \u201cshopper upset over double-parked car abc action news.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 22<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google<\/em> search results for \u201cshopping carts double-parked portland or.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 23<\/a><\/h2>\n

A WGME<\/em> article explaining the story behind a picture of a double-parked car surrounded by shopping carts.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 24<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em>\u00a0search results for \u201cMatthew Mills\u201d with one result featuring the caption, \u201cthis guy got a lesson in parking.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 25<\/a><\/h2>\n

Facebook<\/em> search result for \u201c\u2018got a lesson in parking\u2019 Matthew Mills\u201d showing a public post by Matthew Mills.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 26<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google Image <\/em>search\u00a0results for \u201cparking revenge carts.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 27<\/a><\/h2>\n

A Reddit <\/em>post titled \u201cGreat Parking Job\u201d showing a picture of a double-parked car surrounded by shopping carts.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 28<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet by user @NinjaEconomics that reads \u201cOn January 3, the #GDPNow model forecast for real GDP growth in Q4 2016 is 2.9%\u201d and shows a chart about the GDP forecast.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 29<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet by @unsmokable that reads \u201cthe life of a national geographic photographer\u201d and shows a photo of a man standing on volcanic terrain and looking through a camera situated on a tripod. The photographer\u2019s shoes and tripod have flames around them.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 30<\/a><\/h2>\n

A closer crop of the tweet by user @unsmokable showing the results when a viewer right-clicks\/control-clicks on the image.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 31<\/a><\/h2>\n

Results from a Google <\/em>reverse image\u00a0search on the photo from Twitter<\/em> user @unsmokable\u2019s tweet.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 32<\/a><\/h2>\n

A Reddit <\/em>post titled, \u201cIn the heat of the moment\u201d with comments debating over the photo of the photographer with flaming shoes and a tripod.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 33<\/a><\/h2>\n

An article by Katie Hosmer titled \u201cHot Lava Sets Adventurous Photographer\u2019s Feet on Fire.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 34<\/a><\/h2>\n

A close up of the article by Katie Hosmer showing the text \u201cvia [PetaPixel].\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

FIGURE 35<\/a><\/h2>\n

Text from the PetaPixel<\/em> site quoting the photographer of the lava photo, reading, \u201cThe photo is real, but the flames are not the result of spontaneous combustion\u201d going on to explain that the photographer used an accelerant to start the flames.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 36<\/a><\/h2>\n

Close up of the PetaPixel<\/em> site showing the results when a reader right-clicks\/control-clicks on the Hawaii News Now<\/em> link.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 37<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google <\/em>results from searching \u201cHawaii News Now.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 38<\/a><\/h2>\n

A photo Twitter<\/em> users attributed to National Geographic<\/em>, which depicts what appears to be a photographer being attacked by a bird.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 39<\/a><\/h2>\n

A Google <\/em>reverse image search result that suggests the best search term to find our original source is \u201cbirds attacking people.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 40<\/a><\/h2>\n

A list of pages including images that match the reverse searched image. The first webpage is titled, \u201cDangerous Birds – Top 10 Birds That Could Kick Your Ass.\u201d All of the pages appear to discuss bird attacks.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 41<\/a><\/h2>\n

An expanded settings list for Google<\/em> reverse image search that can be accessed by clicking \u201cTools\u201d and \u201cCustom range\u2026\u201d These settings can be altered to filter out newer photos by modifying the dates that will be included in the results list.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 42<\/a><\/h2>\n

A new reverse image search, with a custom date of Dec 31, 2009 to exclude newer photos, such as those which may have been virally propagated under false pretenses. Now, our suggested search term is \u201cbird.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 43<\/a><\/h2>\n

The result page of our reverse image search, in which the title of the third website, PentaxForums<\/em>, reads, \u201cGot too close the the hawk :(,\u201c and the description reads: \u201cAnd as the poster said, these are trained\u2026so its more like the camera man pissed off the hunter rather than the bird itself. Rest of the photos. Kazakhstan Eagle\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 44<\/a><\/h2>\n

An article from the Press<\/em> titled, \u201cKazakhstan Eagle Hunt,\u201d which features our image.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 45<\/a><\/h2>\n

A list of Google <\/em>search results of the search term, \u201cstockton ca local affiliate.\u201d We will select the fourth listing, CBS<\/em> Sacramento<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 46<\/a><\/h2>\n

CBS Sacramento<\/em> search with \u201cteenage girls black lives matter\u201d in the search bar.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 47<\/a><\/h2>\n

A photograph depicting a group of photographers running from a bear.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 48<\/a><\/h2>\n

A photograph in which a man in a body of water is hiding with a camera in a swan hunting tent.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 49<\/a><\/h2>\n

A photograph showing a section of a city empty and in shambles with what appears to be debris cluttering the buildings and streets.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 50<\/a><\/h2>\n

A photograph depicting a large stone ram on top of a semi-truck with the \u201cOVER-SIZE\u201d label on its front bumper. The ram appears to be more than three times the height of the semi-truck.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 51<\/a><\/h2>\n

A screenshot of the Baltimore Gazette<\/em>, a site created to spread misinformation. The headline reads, \u201cClinton Received Debate Questions Week Before Debate, According to Sources.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 52<\/a><\/h2>\n

A Google <\/em>search tip demonstrating how to exclude a specific site from search results. The string used in the example is “baltimoregazette.com -site:baltimoregazette.com”. This would search all sites except for “baltimoregazette.com.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 53<\/a><\/h2>\n

The homepage of the Pacific Justice Institute<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 54<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search results for \u201cwww.pacificjustice.org -site:www.pacificjustice.org.\u201d The search omits the site www.pacificjustice.org and brings up a Wikipedia<\/em> article as the first result.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 55<\/a><\/h2>\n

WHOIS search result on the ICANN interface for \u201cmotherjones.com.\u201d\u00a0 It displays the website’s owner, Foundation for National Progress, and its contact information.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 56<\/a><\/h2>\n

WHOIS search result on the ICANN interface for \u201cbaltimoregazette.com\u201d. The website\u2019s owner is listed as Domains by Proxy.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 57<\/a><\/h2>\n

A close up of baltimoregazette.com\u2019s date of creation from WHOIS on the ICANN interface, which is listed as July of 2015.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 58<\/a><\/h2>\n

An article published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS Medicine.<\/em><\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 59<\/a><\/h2>\n

A Google <\/em>search for \u201cplos medicine impact factor,\u201d which indicates in the knowledge panel its impact factor is 13.585 as of 2015.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 60<\/a><\/h2>\n

An article published in the Journal of Obesity and Weight-loss Medication<\/em> whose impact factor we want to investigate.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 61<\/a><\/h2>\n

A Google <\/em>search for \u201cJournal of Obesity and Weight-loss Medication impact factor\u201d whose impact factor does not appear in a knowledge panel.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 62<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google<\/em> Scholar<\/em> search results for \u201cDavid Bann,\u201d which features his many publications in lifespan obesity patterns. Most of the publications we find are from the last ten years.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 63<\/a><\/h2>\n

The AnonHQ<\/em> article titled, \u201cIt\u2019s Official: European Scientific Journal Concludes 9\/11 was a Controlled Demolition.\u201d The article has over 14,000 views and was published on September 11, 2016.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 64<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google Scholar<\/em> search results for \u201cRobert Korol,\u201d who appears to have published architectural research in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 65<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google Scholar<\/em> search results for \u201cJennie Connor 2016,\u201d which shows her well-cited publications. Her 2017 article received 12 citations, and two articles were cited by 23 and 36 others.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 66<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google<\/em> search results for \u201caddiction impact factor,\u201d which we find in the knowledge panel to be 4.145 as of 2010.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 67<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google <\/em>search result for \u201cnih alcohol and cancer.\u201d The fifth result from the NIH is described as \u201cA fact sheet that summarizes the evidence linking alcohol consumption to the risk of various cancers\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 68<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Google <\/em>search result for \u201cwww.cancer.gov -site:www.cancer.gov.\u201d This search includes all sites other than www.cancer.gov. We see that five results down, the National Health Institute, an organization we trust, is talking about the National Cancer Institute.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 69<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet by Twitter<\/em> user @MichaelESmith that reads, \u201cBullshit! Aztec society collapsed in 1519 fr. Cortes & smallpox. Salmonella in 1540 was far too late. And the painting is European fantasy.\u201d Smith is responding to a tweet claiming that salmonella poisoning may have contributed to the fall of the Aztec civilization.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 70<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet by @pixelatedboat featuring a photo of two men that reads, \u201cThis is Woodward and Bernstein. Nixon called them the enemy. They proved that no president is above the law. #NotTheEnemy.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 71<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet by user @RepJackKimble that reads, “Why have the wars cost so much under Obama? Check the budgets, Bush fought 2 wars without costing taxpayers a dime.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 72<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Twitter<\/em> bio of user @RepJackKimble reading, “Congressman from CA’s 54th District. JackKimble.com Author of Profiles in Courageousness amzn.to\/1ER7SeU E pluribus unum (1 Nation under God).”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 73<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Twitter<\/em> bio of user @jasoninthehouse reading, “United States Congressman (UT-3). Chairman, Oversight & Government Reform. Tweets come from me, not my staff.” The user’s name has a small blue seal next to his name, indicating that his identity is verified by Twitter<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 74<\/a><\/h2>\n

The header of Twitter user @PerseusJackson, strategically using the background image to give the impression that it is a verified account by\u00a0Twitter<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 75<\/a><\/h2>\n

A video showing how to hover over a Twitter<\/em> user’s verification seal to check if it is legitimate.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 76<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Twitter<\/em> bio of user @MinervaSchools reading, “Minerva offers a unique undergraduate education for the brightest, most motivated students in the world.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 77<\/a><\/h2>\n

Twitter<\/em> user @MinervaSchool’s tweetstream from February showing two tweets, the number of followers the account has, and the number of tweets the account has made.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 78<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet by user @mcpli\u00a0mocking the screenshot of a supposed tweet by user @DanPatrick which reads, “MARRIAGE= ONE MAN & ONE MAN. Enough of these activist judges. FAVORITE if you agree. I know the silent majority out there is with us!”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 79<\/a><\/h2>\n

A fake tweet generated by the author of this text that shows user @BarackObama tweeting, “Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers is AMAZING! You should read it. (Thanks Mike!)”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 80<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Politiwhoops<\/em> archive of deleted tweets by user @realDonaldTrump showing two tweets made and deleted by the account in February of 2017.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 81<\/a><\/h2>\n

A video showing how to view the cached version of @realDonaldTrump’s Twitter<\/em> page by searching the account through Google<\/em>, hovering over the drop down arrow next to the first result’s URL, and selecting “Cached.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 82<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google’s cache information of @realDonaldTrump’s Twitter page, reading “This is Google’s cache of https:\/\/twitter.com\/realdonaldtrump. It is a snapshot of the page as it appeared on Feb 15, 2017 14:46:56 GMT.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 83<\/a><\/h2>\n

The search bar of the Wayback Machine with the search term “whitehouse.gov” typed in.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 84<\/a><\/h2>\n

The Wayback Machine’s search results for “whitehouse.gov” displaying a calendar of the months of January, February, March, and April of 1999 with blue and green dots encasing some of the calendar’s dates.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 85<\/a><\/h2>\n

The page of whitehouse.gov from January 1999 showing links to White House documents, the contents of the website, Radio Addresses of the President, Executive Orders, Photographs, a database to all government sites, The Decleration of Independence, The Constitution of the United States, a subscription list, and press releases.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 86<\/a><\/h2>\n

An ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, “Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: ‘I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump’s Rally” and showing a publication date of November 11, 2016.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 87<\/a><\/h2>\n

An ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, “Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: ‘I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump’s Rally” and showing a publication date of March 24, 2016.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 88<\/a><\/h2>\n

An ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, “Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: ‘I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump’s Rally” and showing a publication date of June 16, 2016.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 89<\/a><\/h2>\n

An ABCNews.co\u00a0<\/em>article entitled, “Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: ‘I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump’s Rally” and showing a publication date of Septembe 11, 2016.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 90<\/a><\/h2>\n

The first Google<\/em> result for “site:abcnews.com.co\/donald-trump-protester-speaks-out-i-was-paid-to-protest\/” showing the abcnews.co article with a publication date of March 26, 2016.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 91<\/a><\/h2>\n

A tweet by user @cbquist posting a quote supposedly said by Carl Sagan, which states, “I have a foreboding of an America in my children’s or grandchildren’s time–when the United States is a service and information economy; when nearly all the manufacturing industries have slipped away to other countries; when awesome technological powers are in the hands of a very few, and no one representing the public interest can even grasp the issues; when the people have lost the ability to set their own agendas or knowledgeably question those in authority; when, clutching our crystals and nervously consulting our horoscopes, our critical faculties in decline, unable to distinguish between what feels good and what’s true, we slide, almost without noticing, back into superstition and darkness.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 92<\/a><\/h2>\n

The top Google Books<\/em> search results for “clutching our crystals and nervously consulting.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 93<\/a><\/h2>\n

An excerpt of Carl Sagan’s\u00a0Demon-Haunted<\/em> World<\/em>, found through Google Books<\/em>,\u00a0where Sagan provides the quote that was attributed to him by Twitter<\/em> user @cbquist.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 94<\/a><\/h2>\n

The publication information of Carl Sagan’s\u00a0Demon-Haunted World<\/em> showing a publication date of 1996.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 95<\/a><\/h2>\n

Internet Archive<\/em>‘s TV News Archive search for “tremendous sea of love.” The second result is our video, and I have circled the video, which is from\u00a0ABC<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 96<\/a><\/h2>\n

A search for “pence muslim ban” in the Trump archive, which shows the text of a video in which Mike Pence, when asked if he agrees with the Muslim ban, responded, “I do.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 97<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search result for “how many men landed on the moon” in which a knowledge panel answers the query via\u00a0Quora<\/em> with “12 men.”<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 98<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google\u00a0<\/em>search result for “last man to land on the moon” in which a knowledge panel pulls text from a\u00a0Wikipedia<\/em> article and puts the name “Cernan” in bold as the answer to the question.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 99<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search result for “how many apostles were there” in which a knowledge panel replies “12 apostles” via\u00a0Quora.<\/em><\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 100<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google\u00a0<\/em>search result for “how old was lee harvey oswold at the time of the assassination” in which a knowledge panel puts in bold 18, 22, and 24, which are numbers from Oswold’s date of birth, date of death, and the date of the assassination via a Wikipedia\u00a0<\/em>article. None are an answer to the Googled question.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 101<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search result for “Presidents in the kkk” in which a knowledge panel pulls the names of several presidents from\u00a0The Trent Online.<\/em><\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 102<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google\u00a0<\/em>search result for “is obama planning martial law” in which a knowledge panel pulls a quote from newstarget.com claiming that Obama is in fact planning martial law.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 103<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search result for “why did lee harvey oswold assassinate president kennedy” in which a knowledge panel pulls text from a site claiming that Oswold did not assassinate President Kennedy.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 104<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google\u00a0<\/em>search result for “msg sensitvity” in which a knowledge panel pulls a list of symptoms from Healthline<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 105<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google\u00a0<\/em>search result for “msg dangers” in which a knowledge panel brings up\u00a0Mercola<\/em>, which claims that msg causes brain damage, such as Alzheimer’s disease and learning disabilities.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 106<\/a><\/h2>\n

Homepage of\u00a0Buzzsumo<\/em>, which features a search bar on its main page.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 107<\/a><\/h2>\n

Buzzsumo\u00a0<\/em>results for “cancer,” showing two articles and their\u00a0Facebook<\/em> engagements, which is meant to measure the virality of the articles on Facebook<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 108<\/a><\/h2>\n

Buzzsumo\u00a0<\/em>results for “cancer” scrolled down a few articles. One article, “Royal Rife: Cancer Cure Genius Silenced by Medical Mafia” uses particularly inflammatory language.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 109<\/a><\/h2>\n

Domain Dossier<\/em> search bar with “coca-cola.com” typed in and a list of databases it searches with boxes next to them you click to include results from.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 110<\/a><\/h2>\n

Domain Dossier<\/em> results for the search on “coca-cola.com” in which the registrant’s name, organization, street, and city are all available for public access.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 111<\/a><\/h2>\n

Domain Dossier\u00a0<\/em>search results for \u201cprotrump45.com,\u201d showing that the site\u2019s owner is masked.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 112<\/a><\/h2>\n

Domain Dossier<\/em> search results showing the registrant of a site\u2019s name as Domains by Proxy, LLC, a service that masks the real owners of sites.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 113<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search results for \u201cwas 9\/11 a hoax\u201d in which the top five sites confirm the conspiracy that 9\/11 was faked.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 114<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google <\/em>search results for \u201care we eating too much protein\u201d in which Google<\/em> pulls a knowledge panel from Huffington Post<\/em>, and the top site promotes veganism.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 115<\/a><\/h2>\n

Promoted tweet from user @SafeMedicine urging us to tweet our senators against our exposure to unsafe medicine. We can tell it\u2019s promoted by the gray text that reads \u201cPromoted\u201d below the \u201creply,\u201d \u201cretweet,\u201d and \u201clike\u201d functions.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 116<\/a><\/h2>\n

Twitter<\/em> page for user @SafeMedicine, which features its website name, safemedicine.org<\/em>.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 117<\/a><\/h2>\n

The homepage of safemedicine.org<\/em>, which reveals the name of the organization, The Partnership for Safe Medicines.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 118<\/a><\/h2>\n

An article about The Partnership for Safe Medicines on the\u00a0Northwest Public Radio<\/em> site titled, \u201cNonprofit Working to Block Drug Imports Has Ties to Pharma Lobby.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 119<\/a><\/h2>\n

The headline of a newspaper article from 1973 titled \u201cNixon Sees \u2018Witch-Hunt\u2019 Insiders Say\u201d with the Washington Post<\/em>\u2019s name below the headline.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 120<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search results for \u201cNixon Sees Witch Hunt (site: newspapers.com OR site: google.news.com\/newspapers OR site: newspaperarchive.com)\u201d to only search on these three sites. The first result, from the LA Times<\/em>, mentions our headline in the description and is from 1973.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 121<\/a><\/h2>\n

The newspaper article from the first result of our last Google<\/em> search, which features our headline \u201cNixon Sees \u2018Witch-Hunt\u2019 Insiders Say.\u201d<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

FIGURE 122<\/a><\/h2>\n

Google<\/em> search results for \u201cAirline Pilot to Fly by Seat of Panties (site:newspapers.com OR site:news.google.com\/newspapers OR site:newspaperarchive.com),\u201d in which the article appears in the first result.<\/p>\n

End.<\/i>
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