{"id":119,"date":"2022-01-24T20:53:40","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T20:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/thomtest\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=119"},"modified":"2022-01-24T20:53:40","modified_gmt":"2022-01-24T20:53:40","slug":"test-workaround","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/thomtest\/chapter\/test-workaround\/","title":{"raw":"test workaround","rendered":"test workaround"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Tags: <a href=\"\/gaelicsong\/front-matter\/finding-lessons-for-your-needs\/#lessonob\">Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation<\/a>; <a href=\"\/gaelicsong\/front-matter\/finding-lessons-for-your-needs\/#age\">Children<\/a>; <a href=\"\/gaelicsong\/front-matter\/finding-lessons-for-your-needs\/#gaeliclevel\">Beginner<\/a><\/div>\r\n<h1 id=\"h.x4usz2hy0m63\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c24 c6\">Activity Summary<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"c5\">This sweet amusing three line lullaby introduces the topic of cattle droving and builds confidence and pronunciation skills for beginner level students from age seven to adult. <span class=\"c11 c6\">The small vocabulary is not difficult to quickly memorize and provides an opportunity to work on pronunciation of broad and slender r sounds and aspirated c with a broad vowel (e.g. -<em>ach<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Outcomes<\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Primary Outcomes<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_74nq6vhswzwn-0 start\">\r\n \t<li class=\"c37 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Build confidence in acquiring a complete song. <\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c20 c37 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Facility with broad and slender r\u2019s and broad ch\u2019s.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Secondary Outcomes <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_m3ml4vwdit6g-0 start\">\r\n \t<li class=\"c37 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Discover cattle droving and facets of the historical Gaelic economy. <\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c37 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c44\">Add useful vocabulary<\/span><span class=\"c6 c44 c16\">\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\">Gaelic Level<\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Suitable for ages 7 years to adult and for any language level.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 id=\"h.e7qexxhx4xp3\" class=\"c5 c27\">Lesson Preparation<\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">The song may be shared in advance of the lesson, <\/span><span class=\"c7\">this is not <\/span><span class=\"c6 c7\">required as the song is only three lines.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">The pronunciation files may best be auditioned with the instructor present to help secure pronunciation, and then shared with students after as a guide, depending on the level of the learners.<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c7\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\">Print the materials and song sheets or provide access to digital copies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 id=\"h.cv3ti7cs6iqd\" class=\"c5 c27\">Resources<\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_gtqcebjhsj5c-0 start\">\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c1\">Clear accurate sound speakers<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c1\">Device like computer, tablet, phone to access files<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Internet connection to play Youtu<\/span><span class=\"c6 c7\">be videos <\/span><span class=\"c1\">and pronunciation files<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Printer for sheets <\/span><span class=\"c7\">or <\/span><span class=\"c1\">materials may be used digitally <\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Whiteboard or similar is useful to display the three lines of lyrics<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><span class=\"c24 c6\">Lesson Structure (30 minutes)<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"height: 937px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;width: 94.65px\">Time<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;width: 370.033px\">Activity<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 15px;width: 393.417px\">Resources<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 364px\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 364px;width: 94.65px\">10 mins<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 364px;width: 370.033px\">Working on pronunciation<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 364px;width: 393.417px\">Full pronunciation with a variety of speakers:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RtXaRj07xvY\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> - Robyn Carrigan<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K4s3Y1oBTjTt8qycXBK5SDC9fu6HIL_u\/view\"><em>Cadal Ciarach mo Luran<\/em> - Spoken Lyrics - Sionainn MacM.<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1alnk9es4iOzRGV0DupBbIuEcb0HLTFUX\/view?usp=sharing\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> - Heather S.<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1v9I1omIbdvNToP0FRsfHt6_oUy2Tw85h\/view?usp=sharing\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> - Ed MacD.<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1E54GfeYxvpYHlA6c5woP_WbjTPOhTWTZ\/view?usp=sharing\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> - Rob P.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"font-family: Lora, serif;font-size: 16.2px;line-height: 1.1em\">Pronunciation Resources:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Broad R\u2019s (within a word) (00:00) <a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce R<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Slender R\u2019s (00:56) <a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce R<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Broad CH\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/ch.jsp\">Gaelic Sounds - Pronounce CH<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 406px\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 406px;width: 94.65px\">13 mins<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 406px;width: 370.033px\">Acquiring the song:\r\n<blockquote><em>Cadal ciarach mo luran<\/em>\r\n\r\n<em>Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh<\/em>\r\n\r\n<em>Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu<\/em>\r\n\r\nSleep (in) twilight my darling,\r\n\r\nI will be with you always,\r\n\r\nThe drover of cattle won\u2019t get you.<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 406px;width: 393.417px\">Song sheets, sheet music, Sol-fa, Song Videos:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1_WqAvLMAXTnS2aIonRehuyB6XqkmEOBb\/view?usp=sharing\">Sheet Music<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NRyFBWg4w67eK7zUI0oWpLsA1OhITIG7\/view?usp=sharing\">Melody of the Song in Sol-fa<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1yEEm5tbbiBOHzjvOElerOfkpeFl4zdy-\/view?usp=sharing\">SOL-FA MOVABLE DO SYSTEM<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"font-family: Lora, serif;font-size: 16.2px;line-height: 1.1em\">Teaching Examples:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-DcTsoWgSmM\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - 0:00 PIANO ONLY\/ 1:09 PIANO SUNG LYRICS<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"font-family: Lora, serif;font-size: 16.2px;line-height: 1.1em\">Examples of full song performance:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Nova Scotia - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6mUmD5R6e-M\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - Robyn Carrigan (feat. Jenny Melvin)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Scotland\u00a0 - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bWvbIwSqGo8\">Julie Fowlis - Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 152px\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 152px;width: 94.65px\">7 mins<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 152px;width: 370.033px\">History of the Cattle Drovers. Discussion of the economy of Highland society.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 152px;width: 393.417px\">Resources and Links:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1lJATWi01l_BzJVusvwo-C0gwQGGHeHI4\/view?usp=sharing\">DROVERS SHEET<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk\/bridges\/html\/drovers.htm\">The Highland Drovers<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.must-see-scotland.com\/scottish-cattle-droving\">Scottish Cattle Droving \u2014 When all drove roads led to Crieff<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 id=\"h.3xcn3lw1w1tg\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Pronunciation Resources<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<h2 id=\"h.lcr0sydkngr1\" class=\"c5 c27\">Listening<span class=\"c1\">:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Full spoken pronunciation with a variety of speakers:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/youtu.be\/RtXaRj07xvY&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335031000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2I8T28cW9F09wdB6nWwiZx\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - Robyn C.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K4s3Y1oBTjTt8qycXBK5SDC9fu6HIL_u\/view&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335031000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1TUJNRFnxN8ODjYXlet4m3\">Cadal Ciarach mo Luran - \u00a0Sionainn MacM.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1alnk9es4iOzRGV0DupBbIuEcb0HLTFUX\/view?usp%3Dsharing&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335031000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2eniECxsTm1DlQVZvAWUfg\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - Heather S.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1v9I1omIbdvNToP0FRsfHt6_oUy2Tw85h\/view?usp%3Dsharing&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335032000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1jn7McsUVKU9wNLAb3Mm-2\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - Ed MacD<\/a>.\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1E54GfeYxvpYHlA6c5woP_WbjTPOhTWTZ\/view?usp%3Dsharing&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335032000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2rXRufNEyfLrqh872WJA2y\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - Robert P.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<h2 id=\"h.bqfjqb6i2mnn\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Pronunciation Video Guides with Links:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">Although this song is simple it provides an opportunity to enjoy some of the features of Gaelic language consonants. A light-hearted and encouraging approach can be very successful especially when working with beginner students, such as<\/span><span class=\"c1\"> broad and slender R sounds.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">R\u2019s at the beginning of a word, or found as RR elswhere, are generally rolled:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c12\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bs-r.jsp\">Gaelic sounds - Pronounce R at the beginning of a word<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">R's next to Broad Vowels within a word (i.e. A, O, or U): <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote><em><span class=\"c16 c7\">Cadal cia<\/span><strong><span class=\"c16 c7 c23\">r<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c16 c7\">ach mo lu<\/span><strong><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">r<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">an<\/span><\/em>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c7\">Gaelic R\u2019s that are not at the beginning of a word and are next to the vowels A, O, or U are considered BROAD. They are lightly tapped. The tongue taps the roof of the mouth behind the teeth. In <em>cia<\/em><\/span><em><strong><span class=\"c23 c7\">r<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span class=\"c7\"><em>ach<\/em> and <em>lu<\/em><\/span><em><strong><span class=\"c23 c7\">r<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span class=\"c1\"><em>an<\/em> we use the tongue to add a quick R.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335036000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2TUPrnbbZ1LAxmjkr5yoBH\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce a non-initial Broad R<\/a><\/span> (00:00 - 00:56)<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">R\u2019s with Slender Vowels (i.e. E and I):<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c16 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bha<\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">i<strong>r <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"c6 c7 c14\">a' chruidh thu<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">Gaelic R\u2019s that are not at the beginning of a word and that are next to the vowels E or I are considered SLENDER. The R next to a slender vowel is softened and in some dialects resembles an airy English \u2018th\u2019 sound.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335037000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0MjqSUf7vIHIpTZHs77nQG\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce Slender R<\/a> <span class=\"c1\">00:56<\/span><\/span><\/blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">Gaelic CH, with Broad Vowels: A, O, or U:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c16 c7\">Cadal ciara<\/span><strong><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">ch <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c16 c7\">mo lu<\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">r<\/span><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">an<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><strong><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">Ch<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c16 c7\">an fhaigh dr\u00f2bha<\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">ir <\/span><span class=\"c16 c7\">a' <\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\"><strong>ch<\/strong>r<\/span><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">uidh thu<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">This sound comes out of the back of the mouth and has been described as the sound a cat makes coughing up a hairball. Have the class all try like a cat. Be silly and use exaggeration. The sillier the better! <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12 c44\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/ch.jsp&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335039000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3UOt2EugMzUHOcdeXx2a1V\">Gaelic Sounds - Pronounce CH<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c44 c7\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<h2 id=\"h.fbjlhzdcqc8s\" class=\"c5 c27\">Song Structure:<\/h2>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><em><span class=\"c29 c23\">[pb_glossary id=\"555\"]Cadal[\/pb_glossary] [pb_glossary id=\"556\"]ciarach[\/pb_glossary] [pb_glossary id=\"557\"]mo luran[\/pb_glossary]<\/span><\/em>\r\n\r\n<em><span class=\"c29 c23\">[pb_glossary id=\"558\"]Bidh[\/pb_glossary] [pb_glossary id=\"559\"]mi-fh\u00ecn[\/pb_glossary] [pb_glossary id=\"560\"]agad[\/pb_glossary] [pb_glossary id=\"566\"]tuilleadh[\/pb_glossary]<\/span><\/em>\r\n\r\n<em><span class=\"c29 c23\">[pb_glossary id=\"561\"]Chan fhaigh[\/pb_glossary] [pb_glossary id=\"562\"]dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh[\/pb_glossary] [pb_glossary id=\"563\"]thu[\/pb_glossary]<\/span><\/em><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><span class=\"c6 c16\">Sl<\/span><span class=\"c6 c16\">eep (in) twilight my dar<\/span><span class=\"c6 c16\">ling<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c6 c16\">\u00a0I will be with you always<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c6 c16\">The drover of cattle won\u2019t get you<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2 id=\"h.1x5lstquxi1v\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c57\">Examples:<\/span><span class=\"c42 c23\">\r\n<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c42 c26\">Nova Scotia \u2014\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c22\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v%3D6mUmD5R6e-M&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335044000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1w1qMg9tpDcR8wPT9GXtEJ\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - Robyn Carrigan (feat. Jenny Melvin)<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c26 c48\">Scotland \u2014\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c22\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v%3DbWvbIwSqGo8&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335044000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mlawCGUBsmpUzvdtzyEMG\">Julie Fowlis - Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/a><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 id=\"h.1fc3ukas70r\" class=\"c5 c27\">Acquiring The S<span class=\"c1\">ong<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c6 c7\">In the video below the melody of the song is taught at the beginning of the video. At 1:09 the lyrics and melody are provided.<\/span>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c12 c6\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/youtu.be\/-DcTsoWgSmM&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335045000&amp;usg=AOvVaw19Lr0udvVzDqENcQhqIiSK\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran - 0:00 PIANO ONLY\/ 1:09 PIANO\/SUNG LYRICS<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><strong><span class=\"c29 c23 c7\">CADAL CIARACH MO L<\/span><span class=\"c29 c23 c7\">URAN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">The simple song structure consists of three verses. Each verse has four lines, the first one repeats three times with a different line for the fourth.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Cadal ciarach mo luran,\r\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Cadal ciarach mo luran,\r\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Cadal ciarach mo luran,\r\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><em><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Repeat Verse 1<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 id=\"h.4v5ksqtd09cq\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Melody of the Song in Sol-fa<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Learning through a sung example using aural skills is preferred where possible. Grace notes and ornamentation are part of Gaelic song tradition. The m<\/span><span class=\"c6 c7\">ovable Sol-fa <\/span><span class=\"c1\">method below is useful as a guide. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Ca-dal cia-rach mo luran<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">me \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 re \u00a0do \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 re \u00a0 so<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Ca-dal cia-rach mo luran<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">fa \u00a0 re \u00a0 do \u00a0 do \u00a0 \u00a0 la \u00a0 fa<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Ca-dal cia-rach mo luran<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">do \u00a0do \u00a0do \u00a0do \u00a0 \u00a0 re \u00a0 so<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">fa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 so la, \u00a0 \u00a0 la la fa<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 624.00px;height: 456.00px\"><img style=\"width: 624.00px;height: 456.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/caul-cbua.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/11\/image1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h2 id=\"h.vz60jmrd2a93\" class=\"c2 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Drovers: Gaelic Culture and History<\/span><\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_547\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"408\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/caul-cbua.pressbooks.pub\/gaelicsong\/highland_cattle_above_malham_cove\/\"><img class=\"wp-image-547\" src=\"https:\/\/caul-cbua.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/01\/Highland_cattle_above_Malham_Cove-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"326\" \/><\/a> \"Highland cattle above Malham Cove\" by Francis C. Franklin is licensed under CC-BY-SA-3.0[\/caption]\r\n<h3 class=\"c5\"><em><strong><span class=\"c29 c23\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu! <\/span><\/strong><\/em><span class=\"c3\">The drover of cattle won\u2019t get you!<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"c2\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">The third line of our song has the singer of the lullaby assuring us \"<\/span><em><span class=\"c6 c16 c17\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu\" (<\/span><\/em><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">The drover of cattle won\u2019t get you). But w<\/span><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">ho were the Drovers? Why might they be mentioned in our song? <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c2\"><span class=\"c6 c17\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk\/bridges\/html\/drovers.htm\">Drovers<\/a> were essentially Scottish Cow-herders or Cowboys, as they are known in North America. Droving is the practice of walking<\/span> <span class=\"c32 c6 c49\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Livestock&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335053000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1SjNi8aLtu0vSKFM39HLvP\">livestock <\/a><\/span><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">over long distances, often from pasture to market. Economic forces of Scottish history made conditions right for the production of cattle for food far from their markets. The land of the Scottish Highlands and Islands provided meagre soil for planting crops, however the plentiful ranges of land in the mountains and valleys were well suited for raising livestock. Cattle were herded by the Drovers on-foot and brought down to the larger population centres in the south. Drovers started in May by going from farm to farm, negotiating for one or two cows, and gradually gathering them into herds. Their days were long and their diets simple, mainly oats, onions and whiskey. Occasionally they would drain blood from the cows to mix with oats for black pudding. The rugged Drovers were well suited for this difficult, rough and challenging life. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 id=\"h.3pl1b9rlqone\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c24 c6\">Variations<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 id=\"h.l2a2crnrnc9n\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Lesson Structure Time:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">The lesson easily expands to a longer lesson of 45 or 60 minutes by adding more time in the pronunciation, acquisition, or the Drovers section of the lesson. The pronunciation component easily expands with the use of \u00a0example files provided. Create a shorter lesson time by removing the History or Pronunciation component, or focus solely on Acquisition.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">For example: 45 Minute Lesson<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 61px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">15 mins<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Working on pronunciation<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">15 mins<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Acquiring the song<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 31px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 31px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">15 mins<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 31px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">History of the Cattle Drovers. Discussion of the economy of Highland society<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2 id=\"h.uelgcurhiasc\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Other Options:<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_gt8plubrcykp-0 start\">\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Advanced: Compose three new lines in Gaelic suitable for a lullaby.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 c27 li-bullet-0\">\r\n<p id=\"h.ecmunkem8zn5\"><span class=\"c1\">Beginner Junior: Divide the lesson into two parts and learn the first two lines in Lesson 1, adding the third in Lesson 2. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h1 id=\"h.i2bgxejm9bdn\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c28 c26\">Possible Challenges<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_qxljzum4do13-0 start\">\r\n \t<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c28\">Student Hesitancy: Warming up the students' voices readies them for singing, providing physical and mental ease and confidence. Humming works! Here is classic vocal warm-up<\/span>: <a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v%3DfwNPp-RS4IY&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335061000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0tyye98nYLgjM7VK_WWx9t\">How to do the Lip Trill<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"c13 c6 c28 c26\">Pronunciation: Use the Call and Response method with the teacher modelling the correct way with one student echoing the word or phrase, then re-model and select a different student to echo. You can check how the students are doing in a gentle, immersive manner. <\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 id=\"h.v38fbhagnri0\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c24 c6\">Appendix<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2>Further Reading<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Haldane, A.R.B. <em>The Drove Roads of Scotland<\/em>. Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson, 1952.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Witherspoon, Kelly A. \"Scottish Cattle Companies on the Western Frontier,\" <em>Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History <\/em>3, Iss. 2 (2020). <\/span>Available at:<span class=\"c12\"> <a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/digitalcommons.liberty.edu\/ljh\/vol3\/iss2\/1&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335065000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0Zwg4s1faL3YJn7Euw1Ps4\">https:\/\/digitalcommons.liberty.edu\/ljh\/vol3\/iss2\/1<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Tags: <a href=\"\/gaelicsong\/front-matter\/finding-lessons-for-your-needs\/#lessonob\">Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation<\/a>; <a href=\"\/gaelicsong\/front-matter\/finding-lessons-for-your-needs\/#age\">Children<\/a>; <a href=\"\/gaelicsong\/front-matter\/finding-lessons-for-your-needs\/#gaeliclevel\">Beginner<\/a><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"h.x4usz2hy0m63\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c24 c6\">Activity Summary<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"c5\">This sweet amusing three line lullaby introduces the topic of cattle droving and builds confidence and pronunciation skills for beginner level students from age seven to adult. <span class=\"c11 c6\">The small vocabulary is not difficult to quickly memorize and provides an opportunity to work on pronunciation of broad and slender r sounds and aspirated c with a broad vowel (e.g. &#8211;<em>ach<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Outcomes<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Primary Outcomes<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_74nq6vhswzwn-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c37 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Build confidence in acquiring a complete song. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c20 c37 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Facility with broad and slender r\u2019s and broad ch\u2019s.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Secondary Outcomes <\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_m3ml4vwdit6g-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c37 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Discover cattle droving and facets of the historical Gaelic economy. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c37 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c44\">Add useful vocabulary<\/span><span class=\"c6 c44 c16\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\">Gaelic Level<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Suitable for ages 7 years to adult and for any language level.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 id=\"h.e7qexxhx4xp3\" class=\"c5 c27\">Lesson Preparation<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">The song may be shared in advance of the lesson, <\/span><span class=\"c7\">this is not <\/span><span class=\"c6 c7\">required as the song is only three lines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">The pronunciation files may best be auditioned with the instructor present to help secure pronunciation, and then shared with students after as a guide, depending on the level of the learners.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"c7\">\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"c1\">Print the materials and song sheets or provide access to digital copies.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 id=\"h.cv3ti7cs6iqd\" class=\"c5 c27\">Resources<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_gtqcebjhsj5c-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c1\">Clear accurate sound speakers<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c1\">Device like computer, tablet, phone to access files<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Internet connection to play Youtu<\/span><span class=\"c6 c7\">be videos <\/span><span class=\"c1\">and pronunciation files<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Printer for sheets <\/span><span class=\"c7\">or <\/span><span class=\"c1\">materials may be used digitally <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Whiteboard or similar is useful to display the three lines of lyrics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"c24 c6\">Lesson Structure (30 minutes)<\/span><\/h1>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"height: 937px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px;width: 94.65px\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;width: 370.033px\">Activity<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px;width: 393.417px\">Resources<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 364px\">\n<td style=\"height: 364px;width: 94.65px\">10 mins<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 364px;width: 370.033px\">Working on pronunciation<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 364px;width: 393.417px\">Full pronunciation with a variety of speakers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RtXaRj07xvY\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> &#8211; Robyn Carrigan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K4s3Y1oBTjTt8qycXBK5SDC9fu6HIL_u\/view\"><em>Cadal Ciarach mo Luran<\/em> &#8211; Spoken Lyrics &#8211; Sionainn MacM.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1alnk9es4iOzRGV0DupBbIuEcb0HLTFUX\/view?usp=sharing\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> &#8211; Heather S.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1v9I1omIbdvNToP0FRsfHt6_oUy2Tw85h\/view?usp=sharing\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> &#8211; Ed MacD.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1E54GfeYxvpYHlA6c5woP_WbjTPOhTWTZ\/view?usp=sharing\"><em>Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/em> &#8211; Rob P.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-family: Lora, serif;font-size: 16.2px;line-height: 1.1em\">Pronunciation Resources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Broad R\u2019s (within a word) (00:00) <a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce R<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Slender R\u2019s (00:56) <a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce R<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Broad CH\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/ch.jsp\">Gaelic Sounds &#8211; Pronounce CH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 406px\">\n<td style=\"height: 406px;width: 94.65px\">13 mins<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 406px;width: 370.033px\">Acquiring the song:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Cadal ciarach mo luran<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a&#8217; chruidh thu<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sleep (in) twilight my darling,<\/p>\n<p>I will be with you always,<\/p>\n<p>The drover of cattle won\u2019t get you.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 406px;width: 393.417px\">Song sheets, sheet music, Sol-fa, Song Videos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1_WqAvLMAXTnS2aIonRehuyB6XqkmEOBb\/view?usp=sharing\">Sheet Music<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NRyFBWg4w67eK7zUI0oWpLsA1OhITIG7\/view?usp=sharing\">Melody of the Song in Sol-fa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1yEEm5tbbiBOHzjvOElerOfkpeFl4zdy-\/view?usp=sharing\">SOL-FA MOVABLE DO SYSTEM<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-family: Lora, serif;font-size: 16.2px;line-height: 1.1em\">Teaching Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-DcTsoWgSmM\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; 0:00 PIANO ONLY\/ 1:09 PIANO SUNG LYRICS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-family: Lora, serif;font-size: 16.2px;line-height: 1.1em\">Examples of full song performance:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nova Scotia &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6mUmD5R6e-M\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; Robyn Carrigan (feat. Jenny Melvin)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Scotland\u00a0 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bWvbIwSqGo8\">Julie Fowlis &#8211; Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 152px\">\n<td style=\"height: 152px;width: 94.65px\">7 mins<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 152px;width: 370.033px\">History of the Cattle Drovers. Discussion of the economy of Highland society.<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 152px;width: 393.417px\">Resources and Links:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1lJATWi01l_BzJVusvwo-C0gwQGGHeHI4\/view?usp=sharing\">DROVERS SHEET<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk\/bridges\/html\/drovers.htm\">The Highland Drovers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.must-see-scotland.com\/scottish-cattle-droving\">Scottish Cattle Droving \u2014 When all drove roads led to Crieff<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"h.3xcn3lw1w1tg\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Pronunciation Resources<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"h.lcr0sydkngr1\" class=\"c5 c27\">Listening<span class=\"c1\">:<\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Full spoken pronunciation with a variety of speakers:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/youtu.be\/RtXaRj07xvY&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335031000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2I8T28cW9F09wdB6nWwiZx\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; Robyn C.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1K4s3Y1oBTjTt8qycXBK5SDC9fu6HIL_u\/view&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335031000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1TUJNRFnxN8ODjYXlet4m3\">Cadal Ciarach mo Luran &#8211; \u00a0Sionainn MacM.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1alnk9es4iOzRGV0DupBbIuEcb0HLTFUX\/view?usp%3Dsharing&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335031000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2eniECxsTm1DlQVZvAWUfg\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; Heather S.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1v9I1omIbdvNToP0FRsfHt6_oUy2Tw85h\/view?usp%3Dsharing&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335032000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1jn7McsUVKU9wNLAb3Mm-2\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; Ed MacD<\/a>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1E54GfeYxvpYHlA6c5woP_WbjTPOhTWTZ\/view?usp%3Dsharing&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335032000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2rXRufNEyfLrqh872WJA2y\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; Robert P.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"h.bqfjqb6i2mnn\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Pronunciation Video Guides with Links:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">Although this song is simple it provides an opportunity to enjoy some of the features of Gaelic language consonants. A light-hearted and encouraging approach can be very successful especially when working with beginner students, such as<\/span><span class=\"c1\"> broad and slender R sounds.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">R\u2019s at the beginning of a word, or found as RR elswhere, are generally rolled:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c12\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bs-r.jsp\">Gaelic sounds &#8211; Pronounce R at the beginning of a word<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">R&#8217;s next to Broad Vowels within a word (i.e. A, O, or U): <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><span class=\"c16 c7\">Cadal cia<\/span><strong><span class=\"c16 c7 c23\">r<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c16 c7\">ach mo lu<\/span><strong><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">r<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">an<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c7\">Gaelic R\u2019s that are not at the beginning of a word and are next to the vowels A, O, or U are considered BROAD. They are lightly tapped. The tongue taps the roof of the mouth behind the teeth. In <em>cia<\/em><\/span><em><strong><span class=\"c23 c7\">r<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span class=\"c7\"><em>ach<\/em> and <em>lu<\/em><\/span><em><strong><span class=\"c23 c7\">r<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span class=\"c1\"><em>an<\/em> we use the tongue to add a quick R.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335036000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2TUPrnbbZ1LAxmjkr5yoBH\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce a non-initial Broad R<\/a><\/span> (00:00 &#8211; 00:56)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">R\u2019s with Slender Vowels (i.e. E and I):<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c16 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bha<\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">i<strong>r <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"c6 c7 c14\">a&#8217; chruidh thu<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">Gaelic R\u2019s that are not at the beginning of a word and that are next to the vowels E or I are considered SLENDER. The R next to a slender vowel is softened and in some dialects resembles an airy English \u2018th\u2019 sound.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c12\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/bw-r.jsp&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335037000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0MjqSUf7vIHIpTZHs77nQG\">Gaelic sounds \u2013 Pronounce Slender R<\/a> <span class=\"c1\">00:56<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">Gaelic CH, with Broad Vowels: A, O, or U:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c16 c7\">Cadal ciara<\/span><strong><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">ch <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c16 c7\">mo lu<\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">r<\/span><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">an<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><strong><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">Ch<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"c16 c7\">an fhaigh dr\u00f2bha<\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\">ir <\/span><span class=\"c16 c7\">a&#8217; <\/span><span class=\"c23 c16 c7\"><strong>ch<\/strong>r<\/span><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">uidh thu<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">This sound comes out of the back of the mouth and has been described as the sound a cat makes coughing up a hairball. Have the class all try like a cat. Be silly and use exaggeration. The sillier the better! <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c12 c44\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/learngaelic.scot\/sounds\/ch.jsp&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335039000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3UOt2EugMzUHOcdeXx2a1V\">Gaelic Sounds &#8211; Pronounce CH<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c44 c7\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"h.fbjlhzdcqc8s\" class=\"c5 c27\">Song Structure:<\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><em><span class=\"c29 c23\">Cadal ciarach mo luran<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span class=\"c29 c23\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span class=\"c29 c23\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a' chruidh thu<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\"><span class=\"c6 c16\">Sl<\/span><span class=\"c6 c16\">eep (in) twilight my dar<\/span><span class=\"c6 c16\">ling<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c6 c16\">\u00a0I will be with you always<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c6 c16\">The drover of cattle won\u2019t get you<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"h.1x5lstquxi1v\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c57\">Examples:<\/span><span class=\"c42 c23\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c42 c26\">Nova Scotia \u2014\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c22\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v%3D6mUmD5R6e-M&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335044000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1w1qMg9tpDcR8wPT9GXtEJ\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; Robyn Carrigan (feat. Jenny Melvin)<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c26 c48\">Scotland \u2014\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c22\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v%3DbWvbIwSqGo8&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335044000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mlawCGUBsmpUzvdtzyEMG\">Julie Fowlis &#8211; Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 id=\"h.1fc3ukas70r\" class=\"c5 c27\">Acquiring The S<span class=\"c1\">ong<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><span class=\"c6 c7\">In the video below the melody of the song is taught at the beginning of the video. At 1:09 the lyrics and melody are provided.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c12 c6\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/youtu.be\/-DcTsoWgSmM&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335045000&amp;usg=AOvVaw19Lr0udvVzDqENcQhqIiSK\">Cadal Ciarach Mo Luran &#8211; 0:00 PIANO ONLY\/ 1:09 PIANO\/SUNG LYRICS<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><strong><span class=\"c29 c23 c7\">CADAL CIARACH MO L<\/span><span class=\"c29 c23 c7\">URAN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c1\">The simple song structure consists of three verses. Each verse has four lines, the first one repeats three times with a different line for the fourth.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Cadal ciarach mo luran,<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Cadal ciarach mo luran,<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Cadal ciarach mo luran,<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><em><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a&#8217; chruidh thu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a&#8217; chruidh thu,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a&#8217; chruidh thu,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a&#8217; chruidh thu,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c14 c6 c7\">Repeat Verse 1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 id=\"h.4v5ksqtd09cq\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Melody of the Song in Sol-fa<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c6 c7\">Learning through a sung example using aural skills is preferred where possible. Grace notes and ornamentation are part of Gaelic song tradition. The m<\/span><span class=\"c6 c7\">ovable Sol-fa <\/span><span class=\"c1\">method below is useful as a guide. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Ca-dal cia-rach mo luran<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">me \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 re \u00a0do \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 re \u00a0 so<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Ca-dal cia-rach mo luran<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">fa \u00a0 re \u00a0 do \u00a0 do \u00a0 \u00a0 la \u00a0 fa<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Ca-dal cia-rach mo luran<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">do \u00a0do \u00a0do \u00a0do \u00a0 \u00a0 re \u00a0 so<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><em><span class=\"c3\">Bidh mi-fh\u00ecn agad tuilleadh<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">fa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 so la, \u00a0 \u00a0 la la fa<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 624.00px;height: 456.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 624.00px;height: 456.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/caul-cbua.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/11\/image1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h2 id=\"h.vz60jmrd2a93\" class=\"c2 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Drovers: Gaelic Culture and History<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_547\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-547\" style=\"width: 408px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/caul-cbua.pressbooks.pub\/gaelicsong\/highland_cattle_above_malham_cove\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-547\" src=\"https:\/\/caul-cbua.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/01\/Highland_cattle_above_Malham_Cove-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"326\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-547\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Highland cattle above Malham Cove&#8221; by Francis C. Franklin is licensed under CC-BY-SA-3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"c5\"><em><strong><span class=\"c29 c23\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a&#8217; chruidh thu! <\/span><\/strong><\/em><span class=\"c3\">The drover of cattle won\u2019t get you!<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"c2\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">The third line of our song has the singer of the lullaby assuring us &#8220;<\/span><em><span class=\"c6 c16 c17\">Chan fhaigh dr\u00f2bhair a&#8217; chruidh thu&#8221; (<\/span><\/em><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">The drover of cattle won\u2019t get you). But w<\/span><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">ho were the Drovers? Why might they be mentioned in our song? <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c2\"><span class=\"c6 c17\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk\/bridges\/html\/drovers.htm\">Drovers<\/a> were essentially Scottish Cow-herders or Cowboys, as they are known in North America. Droving is the practice of walking<\/span> <span class=\"c32 c6 c49\"><a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Livestock&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335053000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1SjNi8aLtu0vSKFM39HLvP\">livestock <\/a><\/span><span class=\"c13 c6 c17 c26\">over long distances, often from pasture to market. Economic forces of Scottish history made conditions right for the production of cattle for food far from their markets. The land of the Scottish Highlands and Islands provided meagre soil for planting crops, however the plentiful ranges of land in the mountains and valleys were well suited for raising livestock. Cattle were herded by the Drovers on-foot and brought down to the larger population centres in the south. Drovers started in May by going from farm to farm, negotiating for one or two cows, and gradually gathering them into herds. Their days were long and their diets simple, mainly oats, onions and whiskey. Occasionally they would drain blood from the cows to mix with oats for black pudding. The rugged Drovers were well suited for this difficult, rough and challenging life. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1 id=\"h.3pl1b9rlqone\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c24 c6\">Variations<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"h.l2a2crnrnc9n\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Lesson Structure Time:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">The lesson easily expands to a longer lesson of 45 or 60 minutes by adding more time in the pronunciation, acquisition, or the Drovers section of the lesson. The pronunciation component easily expands with the use of \u00a0example files provided. Create a shorter lesson time by removing the History or Pronunciation component, or focus solely on Acquisition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">For example: 45 Minute Lesson<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 61px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">15 mins<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Working on pronunciation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">15 mins<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Acquiring the song<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 31px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">15 mins<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 31px\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">History of the Cattle Drovers. Discussion of the economy of Highland society<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"h.uelgcurhiasc\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c1\">Other Options:<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_gt8plubrcykp-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Advanced: Compose three new lines in Gaelic suitable for a lullaby.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c5 c20 c27 li-bullet-0\">\n<p id=\"h.ecmunkem8zn5\"><span class=\"c1\">Beginner Junior: Divide the lesson into two parts and learn the first two lines in Lesson 1, adding the third in Lesson 2. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h1 id=\"h.i2bgxejm9bdn\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c13 c6 c28 c26\">Possible Challenges<\/span><\/h1>\n<ul class=\"c15 lst-kix_qxljzum4do13-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c5 c20 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c28\">Student Hesitancy: Warming up the students&#8217; voices readies them for singing, providing physical and mental ease and confidence. Humming works! Here is classic vocal warm-up<\/span>: <a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v%3DfwNPp-RS4IY&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335061000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0tyye98nYLgjM7VK_WWx9t\">How to do the Lip Trill<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"c13 c6 c28 c26\">Pronunciation: Use the Call and Response method with the teacher modelling the correct way with one student echoing the word or phrase, then re-model and select a different student to echo. You can check how the students are doing in a gentle, immersive manner. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1 id=\"h.v38fbhagnri0\" class=\"c5 c27\"><span class=\"c24 c6\">Appendix<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2>Further Reading<\/h2>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Haldane, A.R.B. <em>The Drove Roads of Scotland<\/em>. Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson, 1952.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c5\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">Witherspoon, Kelly A. &#8220;Scottish Cattle Companies on the Western Frontier,&#8221; <em>Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History <\/em>3, Iss. 2 (2020). <\/span>Available at:<span class=\"c12\"> <a class=\"c0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/digitalcommons.liberty.edu\/ljh\/vol3\/iss2\/1&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1637866335065000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0Zwg4s1faL3YJn7Euw1Ps4\">https:\/\/digitalcommons.liberty.edu\/ljh\/vol3\/iss2\/1<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c4\"><span class=\"c11 c6\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">d\u00e9finition<\/span><template id=\"term_119_555\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_119_555\"><div 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