{"id":62,"date":"2019-04-29T13:59:50","date_gmt":"2019-04-29T13:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/chapter\/4-3-linear-absolute-value-inequalities\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T20:31:22","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T20:31:22","slug":"4-3-linear-absolute-value-inequalities","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/chapter\/4-3-linear-absolute-value-inequalities\/","title":{"raw":"4.3 Linear Absolute Value Inequalities","rendered":"4.3 Linear Absolute Value Inequalities"},"content":{"raw":"[latexpage]\n\nAbsolute values are positive magnitudes, which means that they represent the positive value of any number.\n\nFor instance, | \u22125 | and | +5 | are the same, with both having the same value of 5, and | \u221299 | and | +99 | both share the same value of 99.\n\nWhen used in inequalities, absolute values become a boundary limit to a number.\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.1<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nConsider \\(| x | &lt; 4.\\)\n\nThis means that the unknown \\(x\\) value is less than 4, so \\(| x | &lt; 4\\) becomes \\(x &lt; 4.\\) However, there is more to this with regards to negative values for \\(x.\\)\n\n| \u22121 | is a value that is a solution, since 1 &lt;\u00a0 4.\n\nHowever, | \u22125 | &lt; 4 is not a solution, since 5\u00a0 &gt;\u00a0 4.\n\nThe boundary of \\(| x | &lt; 4\\) works out to be between \u22124 and +4.\n\nThis means that \\(| x | &lt; 4\\) ends up being bounded as \\(-4 &lt;\u00a0 x\u00a0 &lt; 4.\\)\n\nIf the inequality is written as \\(| x | \\le 4\\), then little changes, except that \\(x\\) can then equal \u22124 and +4, rather than having to be larger or smaller.\n\nThis means that \\(| x | \\le 4\\) ends up being bounded as \\(-4 \\le\u00a0 x\u00a0 \\le 4.\\)\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.2<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nConsider \\(|x| &gt; 4.\\)\n\nThis means that the unknown \\(x\\) value is greater than 4, so \\(|x| &gt; 4\\) becomes \\(x &gt; 4.\\) However, the negative values for \\(x\\) must still be considered.\n\nThe boundary of \\(|x| &gt; 4\\) works out to be smaller than \u22124 and larger than +4.\n\nThis means that \\(|x| &gt; 4\\) ends up being bounded as \\(x &lt; -4\u00a0 \\text{ or }\u00a0 4 &lt; x.\\)\n\nIf the inequality is written as \\(| x | \\ge 4,\\) then little changes, except that \\(x\\) can then equal \u22124 and +4, rather than having to be larger or smaller.\n\nThis means that \\(|x| \\ge 4\\) ends up being bounded as\u00a0 \\(x \\le -4\u00a0 \\text{ or }\u00a0 4 \\le x.\\)\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nWhen drawing the boundaries for inequalities on a number line graph, use the following conventions:\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For \u2264 or \u2265, use [brackets] as boundary limits.<img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2019\/04\/Chapter4.3_1.jpg\" alt=\"Blank number line with square brackets positioned on it.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53 size-full\" width=\"287\" height=\"33\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For &lt; or &gt;, use (parentheses) as boundary limits. <img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_2.jpg\" alt=\"Blank number line with parentheses positioned on it.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54 size-full\" width=\"269\" height=\"34\"><\/p>\n\n<table class=\"lines aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%; height: 90px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<th style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\" scope=\"col\">Equation<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\" scope=\"col\">Number Line<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | &lt;4 \\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_3-300x49.jpg\" alt=\"x < 4. Left parenthesis on \u22124; right parenthesis on 4.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-55\" width=\"331\" height=\"54\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | \\le 4\\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_4-300x53.jpg\" alt=\"x \u2264 4. Left square bracket on \u22124; right bracket on 4.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-56\" width=\"323\" height=\"57\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | &gt; 4\\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_5-300x50.jpg\" alt=\"x > 4. Right parenthesis on \u22124; left parenthesis on 4. Arrows to both infinities.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-57\" width=\"336\" height=\"56\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | \\ge 4\\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_6-300x59.jpg\" alt=\"x \u2265 4. Right square bracket on \u22124; left bracket on 4. Arrows to both infinities.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-58\" width=\"325\" height=\"64\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nWhen an inequality has an absolute value, isolate the absolute value first in order to graph a solution and\/or write it in interval notation. The following examples will illustrate isolating and solving an inequality with an absolute value.\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.3<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nSolve, graph, and give interval notation for the inequality\u00a0 \\(-4\u00a0 - 3 | x | \\ge\u00a0 -16.\\)\n\nFirst, isolate the inequality:\n\n\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrrl}\n-4&amp;-&amp;3|x|&amp; \\ge &amp; -16 &amp;\\\\\n+4&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;+4&amp; \\text{add 4 to both sides}\\\\\n\\midrule\n&amp;&amp;\\dfrac{-3|x|}{-3}&amp; \\ge &amp; \\dfrac{-12}{-3}&amp;\\text{divide by }-3 \\text{ and flip the sense} \\\\ \\\\\n&amp;&amp;|x|&amp;\\le &amp; 4 &amp;&amp;\n\\end{array}\\]\n\nAt this point, it is known that the inequality is bounded by 4. Specifically, it is between \u22124 and 4.\n\nThis means that \\(-4 \\le | x | \\le 4.\\)\n\nThis solution on a number line looks like:\n\n<img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_7-300x56.jpg\" alt=\"\u22124 \u2264 | x | \u2264 4. Left square bracket at \u22124; right bracket at 4. \" class=\"wp-image-59 aligncenter\" width=\"370\" height=\"69\">\n\nTo write the solution in interval notation, use the symbols and numbers on the number line: \\([-4, 4].\\)\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nOther examples of absolute value inequalities result in an algebraic expression that is bounded by an inequality.\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.4<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nSolve, graph, and give interval notation for the inequality \\(| 2x - 4 | \\le\u00a0 6.\\)\n\nThis means that the inequality to solve is \\(-6\\le 2x - 4\\le 6\\):\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\\(\\begin{array}{rrrcrrr}\n-6&amp;\\le &amp; 2x&amp;-&amp;4&amp;\\le &amp; 6 \\\\\n+4&amp;&amp;&amp;+&amp;4&amp;&amp;+4 \\\\\n\\midrule\n\\dfrac{-2}{2}&amp;\\le &amp;&amp;\\dfrac{2x}{2}&amp;&amp;\\le &amp; \\dfrac{10}{2} \\\\ \\\\\n-1 &amp;\\le &amp;&amp;x&amp;&amp;\\le &amp; 5\n\\end{array}\\)<\/p>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_8-300x50.jpg\" alt=\"\u22121 \u2264 x \u2264 5. Left square bracket on \u22121; right bracket on 5.\" class=\"wp-image-60 aligncenter\" width=\"366\" height=\"61\"><\/span>\n\nTo write the solution in interval notation, use the symbols and numbers on the number line: \\([-1,5].\\)\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.5<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nSolve, graph, and give interval notation for the inequality \\(9\u00a0 -\u00a0 2 | 4x + 1 |\u00a0 &gt; 3.\\)\n\nFirst, isolate the inequality by subtracting 9 from both sides:\n\n\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrrrr}\n9&amp;-&amp;2|4x&amp;+&amp;1|&amp;&gt;&amp;3 \\\\\n-9&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;-9 \\\\\n\\midrule\n&amp;&amp;-2|4x&amp;+&amp;1|&amp;&gt;&amp;-6 \\\\\n\\end{array}\\]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Divide both sides by \u22122 and flip the sense:<\/p>\n\\[\\begin{array}{rrr}\n\\dfrac{-2|4x+1|}{-2}&amp;&gt;&amp;\\dfrac{-6}{-2} \\\\ \\\\\n|4x+1|&amp;&lt;&amp; 3\n\\end{array}\\]\n\nAt this point, it is known that the inequality expression is between \u22123 and 3, so \\(-3\u00a0 &lt;\u00a0 4x + 1\u00a0 &lt;\u00a0 3.\\)\n\nAll that is left is to isolate \\(x\\). First, subtract 1 from all three parts:\n\n\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrrrr}\n-3&amp;&lt;&amp;4x&amp;+&amp;1&amp;&lt;&amp;3 \\\\\n-1&amp;&amp;&amp;-&amp;1&amp;&amp;-1 \\\\\n\\midrule\n-4&amp;&lt;&amp;&amp;4x&amp;&amp;&lt;&amp;2 \\\\\n\\end{array}\\]\n\nThen, divide all three parts by 4:\n\n\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrr}\n\\dfrac{-4}{4}&amp;&lt;&amp;\\dfrac{4x}{4}&amp;&lt;&amp;\\dfrac{2}{4} \\\\ \\\\\n-1&amp;&lt;&amp;x&amp;&lt;&amp;\\dfrac{1}{2} \\\\\n\\end{array}\\]\n\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_9-300x60.jpg\" alt=\"\u22121 < x < \u00bd. Left parenthesis on \u22121; right parenthesis on \u00bd.\" class=\"wp-image-61 aligncenter\" width=\"385\" height=\"77\"><\/span>\n\nIn interval notation, this is written as \\(\\left(-1,\\dfrac{1}{2}\\right).\\)\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nIt is important to remember when solving these equations that the absolute value is always positive. If given an absolute value that is less than a negative number, there will be no solution because absolute value will always be positive, i.e., greater than a negative. Similarly, if absolute value is greater than a negative, the answer will be all real numbers.\n\nThis means that:\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\\(\\begin{array}{c}\n| 2x - 4 | &lt;\u00a0 -6 \\text{ has no possible solution } (x \\ne \\mathbb{R}) \\\\ \\\\\n\\text{and} \\\\ \\\\\n| 2x - 4 | &gt;\u00a0 -6 \\text{ has every number as a solution and is written as } (-\\infty, \\infty)\n\\end{array}\\)<\/p>\nNote: since infinity can never be reached, use parentheses instead of brackets when writing infinity (positive or negative) in interval notation.\n<h1>Questions<\/h1>\nFor questions 1 to 33, solve each inequality, graph its solution, and give interval notation.\n<ol>\n \t<li>\\(| x | &lt; 3\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x | \\le 8\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| 2x | &lt; 6\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x + 3 | &lt; 4\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x - 2 | &lt; 6\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x - 8 | &lt; 12\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x - 7 | &lt; 3\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x + 3 | \\le 4\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| 3x - 2 | &lt; 9\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| 2x + 5 | &lt; 9\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(1 + 2 | x - 1 | \\le 9\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(10 - 3 | x - 2 | \\ge 4\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(6 -\u00a0 | 2x - 5 |\u00a0 &gt; 3\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x | &gt; 5\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| 3x |\u00a0 &gt; 5\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x - 4 | &gt; 5\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x + 3 | &gt; 3\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| 2x - 4 | &gt; 6\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(| x - 5 | &gt; 3\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(3 -\u00a0 | 2 - x | &lt; 1\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(4 + 3 | x - 1 |\u00a0 &lt; 10\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(3 - 2 | 3x - 1 | \\ge -7\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(3 - 2 | x - 5 | \\le -15\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(4 - 6 | -6 - 3x | \\le -5\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(-2 - 3 | 4 - 2x | \\ge -8\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(-3 - 2 | 4x - 5 | \\ge 1\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(4 - 5 | -2x - 7 | &lt; -1\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(-2 + 3 | 5 - x | \\le 4\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(3 - 2 | 4x - 5 | \\ge 1\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(-2 - 3 | - 3x - 5| \\ge\u00a0 -5\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(-5 - 2 | 3x - 6 | &lt; -8\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(6 - 3 | 1 - 4x | &lt; -3\\)<\/li>\n \t<li>\\(4 - 4 | -2x + 6 | &gt; -4\\)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<a href=\"\/back-matter\/answer-key-4-3\/\">Answer Key 4.3<\/a>","rendered":"<p>[latexpage]<\/p>\n<p>Absolute values are positive magnitudes, which means that they represent the positive value of any number.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, | \u22125 | and | +5 | are the same, with both having the same value of 5, and | \u221299 | and | +99 | both share the same value of 99.<\/p>\n<p>When used in inequalities, absolute values become a boundary limit to a number.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.1<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Consider \\(| x | &lt; 4.\\)<\/p>\n<p>This means that the unknown \\(x\\) value is less than 4, so \\(| x | &lt; 4\\) becomes \\(x &lt; 4.\\) However, there is more to this with regards to negative values for \\(x.\\)<\/p>\n<p>| \u22121 | is a value that is a solution, since 1 &lt;\u00a0 4.<\/p>\n<p>However, | \u22125 | &lt; 4 is not a solution, since 5\u00a0 &gt;\u00a0 4.<\/p>\n<p>The boundary of \\(| x | &lt; 4\\) works out to be between \u22124 and +4.<\/p>\n<p>This means that \\(| x | &lt; 4\\) ends up being bounded as \\(-4 &lt;\u00a0 x\u00a0 &lt; 4.\\)<\/p>\n<p>If the inequality is written as \\(| x | \\le 4\\), then little changes, except that \\(x\\) can then equal \u22124 and +4, rather than having to be larger or smaller.<\/p>\n<p>This means that \\(| x | \\le 4\\) ends up being bounded as \\(-4 \\le\u00a0 x\u00a0 \\le 4.\\)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.2<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Consider \\(|x| &gt; 4.\\)<\/p>\n<p>This means that the unknown \\(x\\) value is greater than 4, so \\(|x| &gt; 4\\) becomes \\(x &gt; 4.\\) However, the negative values for \\(x\\) must still be considered.<\/p>\n<p>The boundary of \\(|x| &gt; 4\\) works out to be smaller than \u22124 and larger than +4.<\/p>\n<p>This means that \\(|x| &gt; 4\\) ends up being bounded as \\(x &lt; -4\u00a0 \\text{ or }\u00a0 4 &lt; x.\\)<\/p>\n<p>If the inequality is written as \\(| x | \\ge 4,\\) then little changes, except that \\(x\\) can then equal \u22124 and +4, rather than having to be larger or smaller.<\/p>\n<p>This means that \\(|x| \\ge 4\\) ends up being bounded as\u00a0 \\(x \\le -4\u00a0 \\text{ or }\u00a0 4 \\le x.\\)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>When drawing the boundaries for inequalities on a number line graph, use the following conventions:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For \u2264 or \u2265, use [brackets] as boundary limits.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2019\/04\/Chapter4.3_1.jpg\" alt=\"Blank number line with square brackets positioned on it.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53 size-full\" width=\"287\" height=\"33\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2019\/04\/Chapter4.3_1.jpg 287w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2019\/04\/Chapter4.3_1-65x7.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2019\/04\/Chapter4.3_1-225x26.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">For &lt; or &gt;, use (parentheses) as boundary limits. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_2.jpg\" alt=\"Blank number line with parentheses positioned on it.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54 size-full\" width=\"269\" height=\"34\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_2.jpg 269w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_2-65x8.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_2-225x28.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px\" \/><\/p>\n<table class=\"lines aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%; height: 90px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<th style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\" scope=\"col\">Equation<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\" scope=\"col\">Number Line<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | &lt;4 \\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_3-300x49.jpg\" alt=\"x &lt; 4. Left parenthesis on \u22124; right parenthesis on 4.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-55\" width=\"331\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_3-300x49.jpg 300w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_3-65x11.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_3-225x37.jpg 225w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_3-350x57.jpg 350w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_3.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | \\le 4\\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_4-300x53.jpg\" alt=\"x \u2264 4. Left square bracket on \u22124; right bracket on 4.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-56\" width=\"323\" height=\"57\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_4-300x53.jpg 300w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_4-65x11.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_4-225x40.jpg 225w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_4-350x62.jpg 350w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_4.jpg 471w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | &gt; 4\\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_5-300x50.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/> 4. Right parenthesis on \u22124; left parenthesis on 4. Arrows to both infinities.&#8221; class=&#8221;alignnone wp-image-57&#8243; width=&#8221;336&#8243; height=&#8221;56&#8243;&gt;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 28.8904%; height: 18px;\">\\(| x | \\ge 4\\)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.1096%; height: 18px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_6-300x59.jpg\" alt=\"x \u2265 4. Right square bracket on \u22124; left bracket on 4. Arrows to both infinities.\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-58\" width=\"325\" height=\"64\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_6-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_6-65x13.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_6-225x44.jpg 225w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_6-350x69.jpg 350w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_6.jpg 474w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>When an inequality has an absolute value, isolate the absolute value first in order to graph a solution and\/or write it in interval notation. The following examples will illustrate isolating and solving an inequality with an absolute value.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.3<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Solve, graph, and give interval notation for the inequality\u00a0 \\(-4\u00a0 &#8211; 3 | x | \\ge\u00a0 -16.\\)<\/p>\n<p>First, isolate the inequality:<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrrl}<br \/>\n-4&amp;-&amp;3|x|&amp; \\ge &amp; -16 &amp;\\\\<br \/>\n+4&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;+4&amp; \\text{add 4 to both sides}\\\\<br \/>\n\\midrule<br \/>\n&amp;&amp;\\dfrac{-3|x|}{-3}&amp; \\ge &amp; \\dfrac{-12}{-3}&amp;\\text{divide by }-3 \\text{ and flip the sense} \\\\ \\\\<br \/>\n&amp;&amp;|x|&amp;\\le &amp; 4 &amp;&amp;<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\]<\/p>\n<p>At this point, it is known that the inequality is bounded by 4. Specifically, it is between \u22124 and 4.<\/p>\n<p>This means that \\(-4 \\le | x | \\le 4.\\)<\/p>\n<p>This solution on a number line looks like:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_7-300x56.jpg\" alt=\"\u22124 \u2264 | x | \u2264 4. Left square bracket at \u22124; right bracket at 4.\" class=\"wp-image-59 aligncenter\" width=\"370\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_7-300x56.jpg 300w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_7-65x12.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_7-225x42.jpg 225w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_7-350x65.jpg 350w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_7.jpg 482w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To write the solution in interval notation, use the symbols and numbers on the number line: \\([-4, 4].\\)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Other examples of absolute value inequalities result in an algebraic expression that is bounded by an inequality.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.4<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Solve, graph, and give interval notation for the inequality \\(| 2x &#8211; 4 | \\le\u00a0 6.\\)<\/p>\n<p>This means that the inequality to solve is \\(-6\\le 2x &#8211; 4\\le 6\\):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\\(\\begin{array}{rrrcrrr}<br \/>\n-6&amp;\\le &amp; 2x&amp;-&amp;4&amp;\\le &amp; 6 \\\\<br \/>\n+4&amp;&amp;&amp;+&amp;4&amp;&amp;+4 \\\\<br \/>\n\\midrule<br \/>\n\\dfrac{-2}{2}&amp;\\le &amp;&amp;\\dfrac{2x}{2}&amp;&amp;\\le &amp; \\dfrac{10}{2} \\\\ \\\\<br \/>\n-1 &amp;\\le &amp;&amp;x&amp;&amp;\\le &amp; 5<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_8-300x50.jpg\" alt=\"\u22121 \u2264 x \u2264 5. Left square bracket on \u22121; right bracket on 5.\" class=\"wp-image-60 aligncenter\" width=\"366\" height=\"61\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_8-300x50.jpg 300w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_8-65x11.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_8-225x37.jpg 225w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_8-350x58.jpg 350w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_8.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>To write the solution in interval notation, use the symbols and numbers on the number line: \\([-1,5].\\)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 4.3.5<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Solve, graph, and give interval notation for the inequality \\(9\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 2 | 4x + 1 |\u00a0 &gt; 3.\\)<\/p>\n<p>First, isolate the inequality by subtracting 9 from both sides:<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrrrr}<br \/>\n9&amp;-&amp;2|4x&amp;+&amp;1|&amp;&gt;&amp;3 \\\\<br \/>\n-9&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;-9 \\\\<br \/>\n\\midrule<br \/>\n&amp;&amp;-2|4x&amp;+&amp;1|&amp;&gt;&amp;-6 \\\\<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Divide both sides by \u22122 and flip the sense:<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\begin{array}{rrr}<br \/>\n\\dfrac{-2|4x+1|}{-2}&amp;&gt;&amp;\\dfrac{-6}{-2} \\\\ \\\\<br \/>\n|4x+1|&amp;&lt;&amp; 3<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\]<\/p>\n<p>At this point, it is known that the inequality expression is between \u22123 and 3, so \\(-3\u00a0 &lt;\u00a0 4x + 1\u00a0 &lt;\u00a0 3.\\)<\/p>\n<p>All that is left is to isolate \\(x\\). First, subtract 1 from all three parts:<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrrrr}<br \/>\n-3&amp;&lt;&amp;4x&amp;+&amp;1&amp;&lt;&amp;3 \\\\<br \/>\n-1&amp;&amp;&amp;-&amp;1&amp;&amp;-1 \\\\<br \/>\n\\midrule<br \/>\n-4&amp;&lt;&amp;&amp;4x&amp;&amp;&lt;&amp;2 \\\\<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\]<\/p>\n<p>Then, divide all three parts by 4:<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\begin{array}{rrrrr}<br \/>\n\\dfrac{-4}{4}&amp;&lt;&amp;\\dfrac{4x}{4}&amp;&lt;&amp;\\dfrac{2}{4} \\\\ \\\\<br \/>\n-1&amp;&lt;&amp;x&amp;&lt;&amp;\\dfrac{1}{2} \\\\<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_9-300x60.jpg\" alt=\"\u22121 &lt; x &lt; \u00bd. Left parenthesis on \u22121; right parenthesis on \u00bd.\" class=\"wp-image-61 aligncenter\" width=\"385\" height=\"77\" srcset=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_9-300x60.jpg 300w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_9-65x13.jpg 65w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_9-225x45.jpg 225w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_9-350x70.jpg 350w, https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2020\/03\/Chapter4.3_9.jpg 473w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In interval notation, this is written as \\(\\left(-1,\\dfrac{1}{2}\\right).\\)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>It is important to remember when solving these equations that the absolute value is always positive. If given an absolute value that is less than a negative number, there will be no solution because absolute value will always be positive, i.e., greater than a negative. Similarly, if absolute value is greater than a negative, the answer will be all real numbers.<\/p>\n<p>This means that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\\(\\begin{array}{c}<br \/>\n| 2x &#8211; 4 | &lt;\u00a0 -6 \\text{ has no possible solution } (x \\ne \\mathbb{R}) \\\\ \\\\<br \/>\n\\text{and} \\\\ \\\\<br \/>\n| 2x &#8211; 4 | &gt;\u00a0 -6 \\text{ has every number as a solution and is written as } (-\\infty, \\infty)<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\)<\/p>\n<p>Note: since infinity can never be reached, use parentheses instead of brackets when writing infinity (positive or negative) in interval notation.<\/p>\n<h1>Questions<\/h1>\n<p>For questions 1 to 33, solve each inequality, graph its solution, and give interval notation.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\\(| x | &lt; 3\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x | \\le 8\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| 2x | &lt; 6\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x + 3 | &lt; 4\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x &#8211; 2 | &lt; 6\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x &#8211; 8 | &lt; 12\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x &#8211; 7 | &lt; 3\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x + 3 | \\le 4\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| 3x &#8211; 2 | &lt; 9\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| 2x + 5 | &lt; 9\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(1 + 2 | x &#8211; 1 | \\le 9\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(10 &#8211; 3 | x &#8211; 2 | \\ge 4\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(6 &#8211;\u00a0 | 2x &#8211; 5 |\u00a0 &gt; 3\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x | &gt; 5\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| 3x |\u00a0 &gt; 5\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x &#8211; 4 | &gt; 5\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x + 3 | &gt; 3\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| 2x &#8211; 4 | &gt; 6\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(| x &#8211; 5 | &gt; 3\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(3 &#8211;\u00a0 | 2 &#8211; x | &lt; 1\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(4 + 3 | x &#8211; 1 |\u00a0 &lt; 10\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(3 &#8211; 2 | 3x &#8211; 1 | \\ge -7\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(3 &#8211; 2 | x &#8211; 5 | \\le -15\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(4 &#8211; 6 | -6 &#8211; 3x | \\le -5\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(-2 &#8211; 3 | 4 &#8211; 2x | \\ge -8\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(-3 &#8211; 2 | 4x &#8211; 5 | \\ge 1\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(4 &#8211; 5 | -2x &#8211; 7 | &lt; -1\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(-2 + 3 | 5 &#8211; x | \\le 4\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(3 &#8211; 2 | 4x &#8211; 5 | \\ge 1\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(-2 &#8211; 3 | &#8211; 3x &#8211; 5| \\ge\u00a0 -5\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(-5 &#8211; 2 | 3x &#8211; 6 | &lt; -8\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(6 &#8211; 3 | 1 &#8211; 4x | &lt; -3\\)<\/li>\n<li>\\(4 &#8211; 4 | -2x + 6 | &gt; -4\\)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"\/back-matter\/answer-key-4-3\/\">Answer Key 4.3<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["terrance-berg"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-62","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":24,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62\/revisions\/63"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/24"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/mathtest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}