{"id":26,"date":"2020-04-16T13:40:56","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T13:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/chapter\/anatomical-terminology\/"},"modified":"2020-06-11T01:46:03","modified_gmt":"2020-06-11T01:46:03","slug":"anatomical-terminology","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/chapter\/anatomical-terminology\/","title":{"raw":"Anatomical Terminology","rendered":"Anatomical Terminology"},"content":{"raw":"<h1 class=\"anatomical-terminology\" style=\"text-align: left\"><a id=\"top\" href=\"\"><\/a>Sections<\/h1>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n \t<li><a href=\"#position\">The Anatomical Position<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#directional\">Directional Terms<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#planes\">Anatomical Planes and Axes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left\"><a id=\"position\" href=\"\"><\/a>The Anatomical Position<\/h1>\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"187\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/image1-1.png\" alt=\"image\" width=\"187\" height=\"346\"> Anatomical Position. From http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures[\/caption]\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: left\">Whenever anatomists describe directions and positions of body parts, we refer to the body in the <strong>anatomical position<\/strong>. In this position, the body is erect, with the feet together and the toes pointing straight ahead. The arms hang at the sides with palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.\u00a0 This is not the position where your arms hang naturally (try it), but it gives a common frame of reference for describing the locations and positions of structures in the body. All anatomical descriptions of the body during this course will assume that the body is in the anatomical position.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<hr>\n\n<h1><a id=\"directional\" href=\"\"><\/a>Directional Terms<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: left\">As you learn to identify individual structures, it is important to be aware of their positions relative to other structures. The following terms are used commonly when describing <strong><em>relative position.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h3>Anterior (Ventral) \/ Posterior (Dorsal)<\/h3>\n[caption id=\"attachment_41\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"659\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/AnteriorPosterior.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img class=\"wp-image-41\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/AnteriorPosterior-1024x474-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"659\" height=\"305\"><\/a> Modified from http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures\/[\/caption]\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Anterior<\/strong> (or <strong>Ventral<\/strong>) = toward, or closer to, the front surface of the body<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Posterior<\/strong> (or <strong>Dorsal<\/strong>) = toward, or closer to, the back of the body\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><em>Example: The <\/em><em>sternum is <\/em><em>anterior<\/em><em> (<\/em><em>ventral<\/em><em>)<\/em><em> to the spine. The spine is posterior (dorsal) to the umbilicus<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h3>Superior \/ Inferior &amp; Cranial \/ Caudal<\/h3>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_44\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"540\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/SuperiorInferiorCranialCaudal.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img class=\"wp-image-44\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/SuperiorInferiorCranialCaudal-1024x557-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"294\"><\/a> Modified from http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures\/[\/caption]\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms superior and inferior are used to describe structures throughout the body:<\/p>\n\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Superior<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the top of the head<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Inferior<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the soles of the feet\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><em>Example: The eyes are superior to the nose<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he mouth is inferior to the nose.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms cranial and caudal are used only to describe structures of the head and trunk, not the limbs.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\" style=\"text-align: left\">\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Cranial <\/strong>= toward, or closer to, the top of the head<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Caudal<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the inferior-most part of the trunk (the lowest vertebra)\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><em>Example: The eyes are cranial to the nose<\/em><em>. The umbilicus<\/em><em> is caudal to the <\/em><em>shoulder<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h3>Lateral \/ Medial &amp; Proximal \/ Distal<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_47\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"590\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/MedialLateralProximalDistal.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img class=\"wp-image-47\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/MedialLateralProximalDistal-1024x555-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"320\"><\/a> Modified from http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures\/[\/caption]\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms medial and lateral are used to describe structures throughout the body.<\/p>\n\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Medial <\/strong>= closer to the midline of the body<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Lateral<\/strong> = farther from the midline of the body\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><em>Example: The nose is medial to the ears<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he ears are lateral to the eyes.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms proximal and distal are used only to describe structures on the limbs.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><strong>Proximal<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the attachment of an extremity to the trunk<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt\"><strong>Distal<\/strong> = away, or farther, from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><em>Example: The thigh is proximal to the knee<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he foot is distal to the knee.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h3>Deep (Internal) \/ Superficial (External)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_54\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"612\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/SuperficialDeep.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img class=\"wp-image-54\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/SuperficialDeep-1024x514-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"612\" height=\"307\"><\/a> Modified from www.catster.com\/lifestyle\/artist-jason-freeny-goes-deep-inside-hello-kitty[\/caption]\n\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><strong>Deep <\/strong>(or <strong>Internal<\/strong>) = away from the surface of the body; toward the inside<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt\"><strong>Superficial <\/strong>(or <strong>External<\/strong>) = close to the surface of the body; toward the outside\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><em>Example: The heart is deep to the sternum<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he skin is superficial to the muscles.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<hr>\n\n<h1><a id=\"planes\" href=\"\"><\/a>Anatomical Planes and Axes<\/h1>\n[caption id=\"attachment_56\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"614\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/Planes.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img class=\"wp-image-56\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/Planes-1024x537-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"322\"><\/a> Modified from Marieb et al, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Human Anatomy<\/span>, 7th edition, Pearson, 2014.[\/caption]\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\">In the study of anatomy and in radiology, it is often useful to imagine the body cut in various planes of section.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Sagittal Plane:<\/strong> This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions.\n<ul>\n \t<li>Mid-sagittal planes go through the midline.<\/li>\n \t<li>Parasagittal planes are lateral to the midline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Transverse<\/strong> (<strong>Horizontal; Axial) Plane:<\/strong> This is a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Frontal<\/strong> (<strong>Coronal) Plane<\/strong>: This is a vertical plane that divides the body into posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) portions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<h3>Knowledge Checks<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[h5p id=\"1\"]<\/p>\n&nbsp;\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[h5p id=\"2\"]<\/p>\n&nbsp;\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[h5p id=\"3\"]<\/p>","rendered":"<h1 class=\"anatomical-terminology\" style=\"text-align: left\"><a id=\"top\" href=\"\"><\/a>Sections<\/h1>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n<li><a href=\"#position\">The Anatomical Position<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#directional\">Directional Terms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#planes\">Anatomical Planes and Axes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left\"><a id=\"position\" href=\"\"><\/a>The Anatomical Position<\/h1>\n<figure style=\"width: 187px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/image1-1.png\" alt=\"image\" width=\"187\" height=\"346\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anatomical Position. From http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: left\">Whenever anatomists describe directions and positions of body parts, we refer to the body in the <strong>anatomical position<\/strong>. In this position, the body is erect, with the feet together and the toes pointing straight ahead. The arms hang at the sides with palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.\u00a0 This is not the position where your arms hang naturally (try it), but it gives a common frame of reference for describing the locations and positions of structures in the body. All anatomical descriptions of the body during this course will assume that the body is in the anatomical position.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><a id=\"directional\" href=\"\"><\/a>Directional Terms<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: left\">As you learn to identify individual structures, it is important to be aware of their positions relative to other structures. The following terms are used commonly when describing <strong><em>relative position.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Anterior (Ventral) \/ Posterior (Dorsal)<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_41\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-41\" style=\"width: 659px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/AnteriorPosterior.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-41\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/AnteriorPosterior-1024x474-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"659\" height=\"305\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-41\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modified from http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Anterior<\/strong> (or <strong>Ventral<\/strong>) = toward, or closer to, the front surface of the body<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Posterior<\/strong> (or <strong>Dorsal<\/strong>) = toward, or closer to, the back of the body\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><em>Example: The <\/em><em>sternum is <\/em><em>anterior<\/em><em> (<\/em><em>ventral<\/em><em>)<\/em><em> to the spine. The spine is posterior (dorsal) to the umbilicus<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Superior \/ Inferior &amp; Cranial \/ Caudal<\/h3>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_44\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44\" style=\"width: 540px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/SuperiorInferiorCranialCaudal.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/SuperiorInferiorCranialCaudal-1024x557-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"294\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modified from http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms superior and inferior are used to describe structures throughout the body:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Superior<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the top of the head<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Inferior<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the soles of the feet\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><em>Example: The eyes are superior to the nose<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he mouth is inferior to the nose.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms cranial and caudal are used only to describe structures of the head and trunk, not the limbs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\" style=\"text-align: left\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Cranial <\/strong>= toward, or closer to, the top of the head<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><strong>Caudal<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the inferior-most part of the trunk (the lowest vertebra)\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt\"><em>Example: The eyes are cranial to the nose<\/em><em>. The umbilicus<\/em><em> is caudal to the <\/em><em>shoulder<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Lateral \/ Medial &amp; Proximal \/ Distal<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_47\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-47\" style=\"width: 590px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/MedialLateralProximalDistal.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-47\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/MedialLateralProximalDistal-1024x555-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"320\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-47\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modified from http:\/\/anatomyorgan.com\/anatomical-position-of-human-body-pictures\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms medial and lateral are used to describe structures throughout the body.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Medial <\/strong>= closer to the midline of the body<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Lateral<\/strong> = farther from the midline of the body\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><em>Example: The nose is medial to the ears<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he ears are lateral to the eyes.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The terms proximal and distal are used only to describe structures on the limbs.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><strong>Proximal<\/strong> = toward, or closer to, the attachment of an extremity to the trunk<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt\"><strong>Distal<\/strong> = away, or farther, from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><em>Example: The thigh is proximal to the knee<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he foot is distal to the knee.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Deep (Internal) \/ Superficial (External)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_54\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-54\" style=\"width: 612px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/SuperficialDeep.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-54\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/SuperficialDeep-1024x514-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"612\" height=\"307\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-54\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modified from www.catster.com\/lifestyle\/artist-jason-freeny-goes-deep-inside-hello-kitty<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><strong>Deep <\/strong>(or <strong>Internal<\/strong>) = away from the surface of the body; toward the inside<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt\"><strong>Superficial <\/strong>(or <strong>External<\/strong>) = close to the surface of the body; toward the outside\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-right: -41pt;text-align: left\"><em>Example: The heart is deep to the sternum<\/em><em>. T<\/em><em>he skin is superficial to the muscles.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><a id=\"planes\" href=\"\"><\/a>Anatomical Planes and Axes<\/h1>\n<figure id=\"attachment_56\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56\" style=\"width: 614px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wisc.pb.unizin.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2018\/02\/Planes.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56\" src=\"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/app\/uploads\/sites\/114\/2017\/02\/Planes-1024x537-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"322\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modified from Marieb et al, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Human Anatomy<\/span>, 7th edition, Pearson, 2014.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"anatomical-terminology\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\">In the study of anatomy and in radiology, it is often useful to imagine the body cut in various planes of section.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Sagittal Plane:<\/strong> This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions.\n<ul>\n<li>Mid-sagittal planes go through the midline.<\/li>\n<li>Parasagittal planes are lateral to the midline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Transverse<\/strong> (<strong>Horizontal; Axial) Plane:<\/strong> This is a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Frontal<\/strong> (<strong>Coronal) Plane<\/strong>: This is a vertical plane that divides the body into posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) portions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Knowledge Checks<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div id=\"h5p-1\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Anat Term - anatomical position\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div id=\"h5p-2\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-2\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"2\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Drag the words to correctly describe the relationship between the structures listed.\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div id=\"h5p-3\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-3\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"3\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Fill in the missing words.\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-26","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":19,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":160,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26\/revisions\/160"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/19"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/26\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=26"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=26"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/integrations.pressbooks.network\/anatomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=26"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}